Wednesday, March 9, 2016

Term Paper on "AIDS"



GBWm
AIDS
we‡k¦ †h KqwU NvZK e¨vwa‡Z gvbyl AwaK msL¨vq AvµvšÍ n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ GBWm Ab¨Zg| 1981 mv‡ji gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wbDBqK© Ges K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv A‡j cÖ_g GBWm †ivMxi mÜvb cvIqv hvq| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK ev wbivgq e¨e¯’v _vK‡jI GBWm m¤ú~b©iæ‡c wbivgq Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb Jla GLbI Avwe¯‹vi Kiv hvqwb| d‡j, GBWm-Gi cwiYvg wbwðZ g„Zz¨|

          GBWm cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨ fqsKi GB msµvgK giYe¨vwa| wek¦ gvbeZvi gvivZœK wech©q †W‡K Avb‡Q GBWm| µgea©gvb wek¦ RbmsL¨vi  mv‡_ cvj­v w`‡q GBP AvBwf msµvwgZ Ges GBWm Avµvš— †ivMxi msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| 1970 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K we‡k¦ GBWm mbv³ Kiv nq| cÖ_g w`‡K GwU Gay Related Immune Disease (GRID) A_©vr mgKvwgZvi mv‡_ mswk­ó †ivM wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| 1998 mv‡ji †k‡l we‡k¦ Rb‡Mvôxi 3 †KvwU 34 j¶ G †iv‡M Avµvš— Ges Gi GK Z…ZxqvskB hyeK hyeZx| cÖwZw`b 8,500-Gi AwaK wkï I hyeK-hyeZx GBP AvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡”Q| AvR‡Ki wkï I hye mgvRB AvMvgx w`‡b cÖvßeq¯‹ bvMwiK G‡`i‡K G NvZK e¨vwai †Qvej †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv gvivZ¥K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡e| cÖwZ eQi 1jv wW‡m¤^i Ôwek¦ GBWm w`emÕ cvjb Kiv nq| 2004 mv‡j wek¦ GBWm w`e‡mi †¯­vMvb n‡”Q ÔGBWm bvixiv †ewk SuywKc~Y©Õ|

          Dbœqbkxj wek¦ GBWm †ivM `ª“Z Qwo‡q co‡Q, †mB mv‡_ D‡ØMI evo‡Q mviv we‡k¦| mviv we‡k¦i g‡Zv gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªI GBWm n‡”Q Ab¨Zg wPš—vi welq| kix‡ii cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv aŸsmKvix GB †ivM 1981 mvj ch©š— Abvwe¯‹…Z wQj| Rxeb ni‡Yi Rb¨ hy³iv‡óª GBWm n‡”Q 11Zg KviY| GBWm hy³iv‡óª GZB e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i‡Q †h miKvi GBWm Avµvš—‡`i Rb¨ PviwU g¨vMwRb †ei K‡i| GBWm †iv‡Mi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i cy‡ivcywi m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|

          GBWm †iv‡M whwb gviv hvb Zvi cwievi Ki“Y cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi nb| G‡¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯— nq wkïiv| GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y wkïiv †gŠwjK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ nq| Avwd«Kvi †`k¸‡jv‡Z cwiev‡ii GBWm †ivMxi †mevi Kvi‡Y wkï ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Avevi A‡b‡K cov †Q‡o †`q Avq †ivRMv‡i Rwo‡q covi Kvi‡Y GBWm †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y we‡k¦ 1 †KvwU 40 jvL wkï GwZg n‡q †M‡Q| G‡`i cwievi †f‡O †M‡Q Avevi A‡b‡K evm Ki‡Q bvbv `v`vi mv‡_| †m my‡hvMI mevi †bB|

          GB Pµ fvO‡Z n‡e| GBWm †iv‡M gviv hvq Zv‡`i wkï, ewÂZ nq †jLvcov †_‡K Ges †m wb‡RI n‡Z cv‡i GBWm msµvg‡Yi wkKvi| GBWm msµg‡Yi wkKvi †_‡K i¶v cvevi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© wkï‡`i Rvbv‡Z n‡e| GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y †h A_©‰wZK `~M©wZ †b‡g Av‡m Zvi nvZ †_‡K GB ai‡bi cwievi¸‡jv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| wkïivB Zv‡`i Avkvi Av‡jv, Zv‡`i evuwP‡q ivLvi D‡`¨vM AvR‡KB wb‡Z n‡e|

          evsjv‡`‡k GBWm-Gi cÖv`yf©ve GLbI nq‡Zv Avgv‡`i bR‡i Avm‡Q bv, wKš‘ GBP AvBwf msµwgZ gvby‡li msL¨v wKš‘ †_‡g †bB| Avi ZvB G wel‡q wKQz bv K‡i e‡m _vKv n‡e wec¾bK| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi wePv‡iI evsjv‡`‡ki mveavbZv Aej¤^‡bi c‡¶ h‡_ó KviY Av‡Q| GBWm-Gi ûgwK †hb cÖ‡Kvc AvKvi aviY bv K‡i †mB D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L GBWm Gi wei“‡× m‡PZbZv ‰Zwi‡Z BDwb‡md †h mKj Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Zvi j¶¨ n‡jv, ÒGBWmRwbZ g„Zz¨i nvZ †_‡K bvix I wkï‡`i i¶v Kiv Ges 10-24 eQi eqmx‡`i g‡a¨ GBWm-Gi we¯—v‡ii cÖwZ‡iva Kiv|Ó GQvovI Av‡iv †hme mywbw`©ó j¶¨ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv n‡jv-
1.      2010 mv‡j g‡a¨ 10-24 eQi eqmx wkï I Zi“Y‡`i 80 fvM‡K GBWm-Gi KviY Ges Zvi cÖwZKvi e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv|
2.     GK nvRvi cÖwk¶K‡K GBWm Gi Dci cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡e, hv‡`i gva¨‡g Kgc‡¶ 2  j¶ Zi“Y‡`i mv‡_ GBWm welqK evZ©v †cŠuQv †`Iqv n‡e|
3.     GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ 100 Rb msm` m`m¨v, 2wU msev`cÎ I miKvi/GbwRI Ges mykxj mgv‡Ri 10 Rb RvZxq †bZ…e„›`‡K Kg©m~wP‡Z Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡e|
GBWm Gi cÖwZ‡iva †KŠkj wn‡m‡e hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q bxwZ wba©viYx ch©v‡q GW‡fv‡Kwm Ges mvgvwR m‡PZbZv, AvbyôvwbK I DcAvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a `¶Zv evov‡bv, MYgva¨‡g mnvqZvq m‡PZbZv evov‡bv Ges RvwZms‡Ni RbmsL¨v Znwe‡ji gva‡g Zi“Y‡`i †mev I mnvqZv cÖ`vb|

GBWm-Gi DrcwË(Origin of AIDA) :
GBWm-Gi DrcwË ev Drm GL‡bv Rvbv hvq wb| Z‡e wPwKrmK‡`i e×g~j aviYv †bB, GUv Avwd«Kvi †Kv‡bv evbi n‡Z gvbyy‡li gv‡S msµwgZ nq| Z‡e ZvB hw` n‡q _v‡K nvn‡j evbi †_‡K gvby‡li g‡a¨ GB †ivM wKfv‡e Av‡m Ge¨vcv‡iI †Kv‡bv ¯úó aviYv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †bB| Z‡e GUv m¤¢eZ 1920 †_‡K 1950 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS †Kv‡bv GK mg‡q N‡U| hLb g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡Mv Avµvš— nIqvi Kvi‡Y †jvKR‡bi Dci evbi wKsev wk¤úvÄxi †_‡K i³ msMÖn KiZ| GB nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv µ‡g evbi †_‡K gvby‡li g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf fvBivm XyK‡Z cv‡i| GLb †`Lv hvq, Avwd«Kvi A‡bK As‡k evb‡ii gvsm GKwU my¯^v`y Lv`¨| nq‡Zv ev wVKg‡Zv ivbœv bv Kivi Kvi‡Y evb‡ii gvsm †_‡KI GB fvBivm gvby‡li g‡a¨ Xy‡K c‡o| ‰eÁvwbKiv GLbI GBW‡mi GmKj KviY m¤ú‡K© ¯úó wKQz ej‡Z bv ci‡YI †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis-Gi gva¨‡g AwP‡iB nq‡Zv Zv Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|

GBP AvBwf(HIV) wK?
GBP (H)- Human= gvbyl/gvbe|
AvB (I) – Immuno-defcency= kix‡i †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvi Afve|
wf (V) - Virus = fvBivm|
A_©vr GBP AvBwf n‡jv gvbe kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvi AfveRwbZ fvBivm| GBP AvBwf n‡”Q GK ai‡bi fvBivm hv kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv bó K‡i †`q| GB fvBivm †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K AvµgY Ki‡j †mB e¨w³i GBWm †ivM nq| GB fvBivm Avµvš— e¨w³i i‡³, ex‡h©, †hŠbv‡½i Zij i‡m Ges ey‡Ki `y‡ai g‡a¨ _v‡K|
          myZivs Human Immuno-deficiency virus - ‡KD ms‡¶‡c HIV e‡j| GwU GKwU Retro Virus GwUB GBWm Gi KviY| D‡j­L¨ GBP, AvB, wf Avµvš— gvbyl eQ‡ii ci eQi j¶Ynxb Ae¯’vq euvP‡Z cv‡i| A‡bK M‡elK eZ©gv‡b GBWm-Gi cwie‡Z© GBP AvBwf (HIV disease) wn‡m‡e wb‡`©k K‡i| AIDS n‡jv HIV ‡iv‡Mi †kl cwiYwZ hv AwR©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤ú~Y© aŸsm K‡i †`q|

HIV Virus Avµvš— gvbyl AIDS †ivM nevi K‡qKwU ch©vq (Stage) i‡q‡Q †hgb-
1g ch©vq t G ch©v‡qi ch©v‡qi ¯’vqxZ¡ K‡qK gvm n‡Z A‡bK eQi ch©š— n‡Z cv‡i| G mgq HIV fvBivm Avµvš— gvbyl eQ‡ii ci eQi j¶Ynxb Ae¯’vq Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2q ch©vq t g„`y Avµv‡š—i j¶Y cÖKvk cvq| †hgb- IRb n«vm cvIqv, Aemv` Ges K¬vwš—‡Z Avµvš— nIqv|
3. ch©vq t G ch©vq‡K wPwKrmvwe`¨vi AvbyôvwbK cwifvlvq AIDS-related complex (ARC) ejv nq| G ch©v‡q dzmdzm msµvš— h²v, AwZwi³ IRb n«vm, AcwieZ©bxq R¡i cÖf„wZ RwUj j¶Y ‡`Lv †`q|
4_© ch©vq t G ch©v‡q AIDS wn‡m‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq| G ch©v‡q †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv Ggb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— nq, †`n †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hvi cwiYwZ `yÕeQ‡ii g‡a¨ wbwðZ g„Zy¨|

GBWm (AIDS) wK?
AIDS Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv `Aequired Immune Deficiency Syndrome’ hv ms‡¶‡cÔ AIDS’ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
G (A) – Aequired = AwR©Z;
AvB (I) – Immune = kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv;
wW (D) – Deficiency = Afve/NvUwZ;
Gm (S) – Syndrome = A‡bK¸‡jv †ivM j¶‡Yi mgwó|
AIDS- Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv, AwR©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv NvUwZi j¶Y mgwó| GBWm GKwU giY N¨vwZ †ivM| GB †iv‡M Avµvš— e¨w³i †ivM cÖwZ‡ivM ¶gZv aŸsm n‡q hvq| d‡j Avµvš— e¨w³ wewfbœ my‡vM mÜvbx msµg‡Y Nb Nb Avµvš— nq, †hgb- we‡kl ai‡bi wbD‡gvwbqv, h²v, Z¡‡K msµgY BZ¨vw`‡Z Avµvš— nq Ges GB †iv‡M Avµvš— e¨w³i g„Zz¨ Awbevh©|

          1982 mv‡ji w`‡K GbRyb †iv‡Mi bvg †`Iqv nq| AIDS. hvi evsjv A_©, ÒAwR©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv NvUwZi j¶Y mgwó G †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡j kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv `x‡i ax‡i n«vm cvq| d‡j †h †Kv‡bv †iv‡Mi RxevYy †hgb h²v, Wvqwiqv BZ¨vw` mn‡R AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i| kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ax‡i ax‡i K‡g hvIqvi d‡j †ivMx g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nq| GLb ch©š— GBWm Gi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv ev cÖwZ‡iva Avwe¯‹…Z nqwb|

GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi we¯—vi (Dispersion of HIV/AIDS)?
eqm, RvwZ, wj½ mvgvwR Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l mevB GBP AvBwf Øviv mgvbfv‡e Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| GBP AvBwf gvby‡qi kix‡i Pvi ai‡bi Zij c`v‡_©i gva¨‡g Pwo‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡”Q i³ exh© †hvwb im Ges gvZ…`y»| hw` GBPAvBwf Avµvš— cyi“l ev gwnjvi kix‡i Zij c`v_© †Kvb my¯’ e¨w³i i‡³ cÖ‡ek K‡i Z‡eB wZwb GBPAvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡ib|
K.    GBPAvBwf Avµvš— m½xi mv‡_ Awbivc` †hŠb wgjb GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi cÖavb Dcvq GB †hŠb wgjb †hvwbc_, cvqyc_ gyLMneimn †h †Kvb ai‡bi †nvK bv †Kb|
L.     GBPAvBwf Avµvš— e¨w³i e¨eüZ myuP I wmwiÄ cwi‡kvwaZ bv K‡i e¨envi Ki‡j GBPAvBwf msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| GB m~uP †bkv RvZxq Jla mvaviY Jla Dw¯‹ ev Z¡Kmn †h †Kvb Kvi‡YB e¨envi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb GBPAvBwf msµgY n‡Z cv‡i|
M.     Mf©ve¯’vq GBPAvBwf enbKvix gv Mf©¯’ mš—vb‡K GBPAvBwf msµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Mf©¯’ mš—vb R‡b¥i mgq Ges R‡b¥i ci gvZ…`y‡»i gva¨‡g msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
N.     i³ cwimÂvj‡bi gva¨‡gI GBPAvBwf msµgY n‡Z cv‡i hw` `vbK…Z iK&_ cixw¶Z bv nq|
O.     gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnY A‡bK Kvi‡Y wec¾K Z‡e GBPAvBwf msµgb me‡P‡q fqsKi cwiYwZ| GBP, AvBwf msµg‡Yi Rb¨ me PvB‡Z Kvh©Ki c×wZ n‡”Q mivmwi gv`K`ªe¨ kix‡i i³ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv| myZivs GB c×wZ Awbivc` †hŠb wgj‡bi PvB‡ZI †ewk wec¾bK| we‡klfv‡e †RjLvbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbwl× GjvKv †hLv‡b cwi‡kvwaZ m~uP wmwiÄ cvIqv hvIqv Am¤¢e| †mLv‡b AwZ `ª“Z GBPAvBwf msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| c~‡e© hviv GK‡Î †bkv MÖnY Ki‡Zv wKš‘ c‡i wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡owQj Zviv ZLb GB mKj GjvKvq GKwÎZ nq, ZLb Zv‡`i †¶‡Î GB kZ©wU we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|

wb‡P G¸‡jv e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡jv-
(K)     Aiw¶Z †hŠb wgjb (Sexual Transmission) t HIV Avµvš— cyi“l A_ev gwnjv‡`i mv‡_ Aiw¶Z †hŠb wgj‡bi (Unprotected Sexual inter course) gva¨‡g AIDS †ewk Qovq| AIDS Avµvš— e¨w³‡`i kZKiv 75Rb Aeva I AmZK© †hŠb wgj‡bi gva¨‡g Avµvš— n‡q‡Q| Vaginal Ges Oral Dfq ai‡bi †hŠb wgj‡bi gva¨‡g G †ivM msµvwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
(L)     i‡³i gva¨‡g (Transmission Through blood) t Avµvš— e¨w³i i³ ev i³RvZ mvgMªx kix‡i MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GBWm Qovq| Avµvš— e¨w³i e¨eüZ m~uP ev wmwiÄ I Ab¨vb¨v Acv‡ik‡bi hš¿cvwZ RxevYygy³ bv K‡i cybivq e¨envi Ki‡j| Avµvš— e¨w³i wmwiÄ, †iRvi, †e­W ev ¶yi RxevYygy³ bv K‡i cybivq e¨envi Ki‡j|
(M)     Avµvš— gv‡qi gva¨‡g (Mother of Child transmission) t HIV Avµvš— gv Mf©avi‡Yi d‡j wkï‡`i g‡a¨ G †ivM Qov‡Z cv‡i| wkïi R‡b¥i c~‡e© Mf©ve¯’vq ev R‡b¥i c‡iI Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| G‡K Vertical Transmission ejv nq| e¨w³i i³ ev i³RvZ mvgMÖx kix‡i MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GBWm Qovq|
(N)     Ab¨vb¨ KviY t bMivqb, wkívqb, Awfevmb cÖe„wZ GBPAvBwf/ GBWm `ª“Z we¯—v‡ii Ab¨Zg KviY| åvg¨gvb kªwgK, DØv¯—y, hvbevnb kªwgK, †R‡j, ch©UK, Lwb kªwgK Ges `wi`ª gvbyl GBPAvBwf GBWm-Gi Rb¨ †ekx SzuwKi m¤§yLxb| G †kªYxi gvbyl Rxebgvb m¤ú‡K© mvaviYZ m‡PZb bq, `wi`ª weavq my‡hvM-myweav †_‡K ewÂZ,cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ G‡`i Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ bq| Giv cwievi †_‡K wew”Qbœ _v‡K|G Kvi‡Y Zviv †hŠb Kg©x‡`i mvwbœ‡a¨ †ewk Av‡m, Avevi G‡`i g‡a¨ B›Uvi‡fbvm WªvM e¨env‡ii cÖeYZvI †ewk|

GUv g‡b ivLv GKvš— Ri“wi †h, GBPAvBwf fvBivm Øviv Avµvš— e¨w³ †Kvb iKg j¶Y bv _vK‡jI Avµvš— nIqvi ci †_‡KB Ab¨ e¨w³i g‡a¨ GB RxevYy Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|
HIV msµwgZ n‡jI wb‡P Dwj­wLZ gva¨‡g Qovq bv t
GBWm †ivMxi mv‡_ ‰`bw›`b mvaviY KvRKg© Ki‡j GBWm nIqvi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB, †hgb-
1.      Avµvš— e¨w³i k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, nuvwP, Kvwk ev _yZzi gva¨‡g;
2.     mvaviY †gjv‡gkv, Kig`©b, †KvjvKzwj GKmv‡_ Mí Kiv ev Pjv †divi gva¨‡g;
3.     KxUcZ½, gvwQ I gkvi Kvg‡o;
4.     GKB evwo‡Z emevm,GKB weQvbvq Nygv‡j ev GKB cvqLvbv e¨envi;
5.     GKB _vjv-evmb e¨envi, GKB M­v‡m cvwb ev GKB Kv‡c Pv cvb Ki‡j;
6.     GBWm fvBivmgy³ I i³RvZ mvgMÖx MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g|

Gwkqvq GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v (Present Situation of HIV/AIDS in Asia): Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡j eZ©gv‡b 72 j¶ †jvK GBPAvBwf/GBWm †iv‡M Avµvš—| Gi g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ 2002 mvj 10 j¶ eq¯‹ Ges wkï bZzbfv‡e Avµvš— n‡q‡Q| MZ K‡qK eQ‡i GB A‡j Ae¯’vi `ª“Z AebwZ N‡U‡Q|
          Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡ji †Kvb †`kB GBPAvBwf/GBWm †_‡K wbivc` bq| _vBj¨vÛ Ges K‡¤^vwWqvi gZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z beŸB `k‡Ki cÖ_g w`K †_‡KB D”P nv‡i msµgY cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| Avevi Pxb I B‡›`v‡bwkqvi †Kvb †Kvb ¯’v‡b gnvgvix AvKv‡i msµgY cwijw¶Z n‡”Q|
          Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡j †KejgvÎ 2002 m‡b cÖwZw`b 1200 †jvK GBWmRwbZ Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Q| †gvU evwl©K g„Zz¨i nvi `uvwo‡q‡Q 43,500| GKB m‡½ cÖwZw`b M‡o cÖvq 2700 bZzb GBP AvBwf msµgY n‡”Q| Gi gv‡b `uov‡”Q Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡j cÖwZ eQi cÖvq `k j¶ †jvK bZzbfv‡e GBP AvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡”Q|
          GBPAvBf/GBWm gnvgvix AwZ `ª“Z Qwo‡q co‡Z cv‡i| Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi wbgœnvi D”P SzuwKc~Y© †Mvôxi gvivZ¥K gnvgvix‡K Av”Qvw`Z (†Mvcb) Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gwkqvq D”P SzuwKc~Y© †Mvôxi D`vniY n‡”Q Zi“Y I wK‡kvi m¤cÖ`vq †hŠbKg©x I Zv‡`i L‡Ïi, †bkv MÖnYKvix, mgKvgx cyi“l Pjgvb Rb‡Mvôx, c_ wkï †ewk| Px‡bi †Kvb †Kvb As‡k Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †bkv MÖnY GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi nvi 70% Gi †ewk|

          wewfbœ cÖ‡RKkb g‡Wj †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq †h, hw` cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg †Rv`vi bv Kiv nq Z‡e AvMvgx 2010 mv‡j `w¶Y I `w¶Y c~e© Gwkqvq AviI GK †KvwU cuuPvwk j¶ †jvK GBPAvBwf Øviv Avµvš— nq| m¤cÖwZ wewfbœ w`K wnmve K‡i Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q †h hw` cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi bv Kiv nq A_ev cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg mdj bv nq Z‡e Z‡e AvMvgx 2010 mv‡j †Kej gvÎ Px‡b GK †_‡K †`o †KvwU †jvK Ges fvi‡Z `yB AvovB †KvwU †jvK GBPAvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡e| Aek¨ Ri“wi wfwˇZ M„nxZ Kvh©µg fwel¨‡Z A‡bK msµgY‡K †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GBWm gnvgvixi MwZ‡K w¯—wgZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨vcK cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g 69% msµgY cÖwZnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| A_©©vr †m‡¶‡Î 2010 mv‡j bZzb AviI GK †KvwU cuPvwk j¶ msµg‡Yi cwie‡Z© †KejgvÎ mvZvk j¶ bZzb msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| Kvh©Ki cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g GBPvvBwf gnvgvix‡K `gb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|

evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v t evsjv‡`‡k GBWm RxevYy enbKvix msL¨v 7,500, 2004mvj ch©š— wbwðZ cix¶i wfwˇZ evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm G Avµv‡š—i msL¨v 465 Rb Ges GBWm-Gi j¶Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q 87 R‡bi g‡a¨| GQvov 2004 mvj ch©š— GBWm Avµvš— g„Zz¨i msL¨v 44 Rb| evsjv‡`‡ki  ga¨vs‡k wkivq †bkvMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf RxevYyi cÖv`yf©ve cÖvq 4 kZvsk|

evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi we¯—vi t
fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`‡k GBP AvBwf/GBWm we¯—v‡ii m¤¢vebv Lye †ewk| Zvi KviY¸‡jv wb‡gœ †`Iqv n‡jv-
1.      cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸‡jv‡Z GBPAvBwf/GBWm msµg‡Yi D”Pnvi t fviZ-51 j¶ ( †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq 1 kZvsk) _vBj¨vÛ cÖvq 12 j¶ (†gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 2 kZvsk) Ges gvqvbgvi 5 j¶ (†gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 1 n‡Z 2 kZvsk)|
2.     ‡hŠbKg©x‡`i Øviv wbivc` †hŠb AvPiY †g‡b bv P‡j (evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 1 j¶ 20 nvRvi Rb †hŠbKg©x Av‡Q)|
3.     evsjv‡`‡k †hŠbKg©xiv cÖwZw`b we‡k¦i †h †Kv‡bv †`‡ki †P‡q me„vwaK msL¨K Kvógv‡i m‡½ †hŠb K‡g© wjß (Mo cÖwZw`b cÖwZ †hŠbKg©x 6-7 Rb Kvógvi wb‡q _v‡K)|
4.     ‡hŠbKg©x Øviv KbW‡gi Kg e¨envi (2-4%)|
5.     mvaviY Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ KbW‡gi Kg e¨envi |(kni GjvKvq 17.6% Ges MÖvg GjvKvq 6%)|
6.     we‡`‡k KvR Kivi Rb¨ hvIqv Avmv (cÖvq 74 nvRvi Rb evsjv‡`kx cÖwZ eQi we‡`‡k KvR Kivi Rb¨ hvq)|
7.     wkivq †bkMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ 94%| †bkvMÖnYKvixB wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wmwiÄ fvMvfvwM K‡i e¨envi K‡ib| ( hv‡`i msL¨v cÖvq 28 nvRvi)|
8.     weevnc~e© Ges weevn ewnf~©Z Aiw¶Z †hŠb m¤úK© (GKRix‡c †`Lv †M‡Q 69% UªvK WªvBfvi weevn c~e© Ges weevn ewnf~©Z †hŠb m¤úK© K‡i _v‡K|
9.     cix¶v bv K‡i i³ MÖnY Kiv (cÖwZeQi 2 j¶ BDwbU i³ msMÖn Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ 70% ‡ckv`vi i³`vZv)|
10. GBPAvBwf msµgY wKfv‡e nq Ges wKfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq †h m¤ú‡K© bv Rvbv|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq t
GBWm-Gi GLb ch©š— †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB| ZvB, GBWm †_‡K euvPvi GKgvÎ Dcvq ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡b mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv| GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a †hme e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvq, Zv n‡jv-
1.      wbivc` †hŠb AvPiY Kivi gva¨‡g|
2.     ‡hŠb wgj‡bi mgq wbqwgZ I mwVKfv‡e KbWg e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g|
3.     cÖwZwU bvMwiK‡K eQ‡i GKevi GBP, AvB, wf cix¶v Kiv|
4.     ‡hŠb m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î ag©xq Abykvmb I mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ †g‡b Pjvi gva¨‡g|
5.     wbivc` i³ mÂvj‡bi gva¨‡g A-‡ckv`vi i³`vZvi i³ MÖnY, GBPAvBwf msµwgZ Zv cix¶v Kiv Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq i³ mÂvjb cwinvi Kiv|
6.     cÖwZeviB bZzb m~uP I wmwiÄ e¨envi Kiv|
7.     Acv‡ik‡bi mKj hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡ii Av‡M Aek¨B RxevYygy³ Kiv|
8.     GBPAvBwf msµwgZ gv‡qi mš—vb MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î Wv³v‡ii civgk©µ‡g e¨e¯’v †bIqv|
9.     bvix Ges cyi“‡li g‡a¨ ˆ`wnK m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î ˆeaZv, wek¦¯—Zv I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv|
10. Avµvš— e¨w³‡K `ª“Z wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª †bIqv|
11.  e­vW e¨vs‡K i³ wewµq Rb¨ †bkvMÖ¯—‡`i euvav †`Iqv|
12. ‡hŠbevwnZ †iv‡M e¨w³i wPwKrmv I KvD‡Ýwjs Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv|
13. i³ mÂvj‡b wW¤ú‡Rej wmwiÄ e¨envi Kiv|
14.  cÖPvi gva¨‡g eyw×Rxex‡`i GBWm Gi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© RbgZ M‡o †Zvjv|
15. GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avµvš— e¨w³‡K KvD‡Ýwjs‡qi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv|
16. ‡hŠbv‡½ †Kv‡bv ¶Z ev Nv _vK‡j ¯^vgx-¯¿x A_ev †hŠb m½xmn `ª“Z wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v †bIqv|
17. m‡PZbZv e„w×i gva¨‡g wgwUs, wjd‡jU, †cv÷vi, gvBwKs, †mwgbvi, wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Av‡jvPbv mfv, wUwf, †iwWI, wm‡bgv ¯­vBW BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Z_¨ cÖ`vb|
18. cÖwZwU wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cÖZ¨n 10 wgwbU K‡i GBWm m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv|
19. ‡hŠbKg©x‡`i KbWg e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ Kiv|
20.cwZZv cj­x‡Z wkï mš—vb‡`i Avjv`v ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqv|
A_©vr, GBWm cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨ giYe¨vwa| GKgvÎ mZK©Zv Aej¤^‡bB cÖwZ‡iva m¤¢e|

cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v wb‡`©kbv :
K.    cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v e¨e¯’vi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨ ¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb e¨e¯’v `vwqZ¡c~Y© AvPiY Ges †ivM cÖwZ‡iva DØy× Kiv|
L.     mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ Ges Aciva I we‡f` cÖwZnZ K‡i GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi SzuwK Kgv‡Z Ávb AR©b AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b I `¶Zvi gva¨‡g AR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
M.     GUv wkï Ges wK‡kviiv †hŠb¶g nIqvi c~‡e© A_ev ¯‹zj †_‡K wQuU‡K covi c~‡e© WZ kxNÖ m¤¢e ïi“ Kiv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
N.     cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v Aek¨B mswkó wewfbœ wefvM‡K Aš—f~©³ K‡i †Lvjv‡gjv Ges bgbxq n‡Z n‡e| m‡e©vcwi GBWm we¯—v‡i mnvqK f~wgKv cvjbKvix cÖwZwU KviY †hgb †hŠb AvPiY †g‡q‡`i Ae¯’vb msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vq †RÛvi Bmy¨ mvgvwRK Ges mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK Ae¯’v wk¶v `wi`ª mvgvwRK we‡f` †bkvi Jl‡ai Ace¨envi Ges eÜz evÜe‡`i Pvc BZ¨vw` Aek¨B m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
O.     wk¶v cÖ`vbKvix e¨w³‡K †kvbv †kLv Ges ¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q e³e¨ ivL‡Z mgZvmn †hvMv‡hvM Aek¨B `¶ n‡Z n‡e|
P.      Ab¨vb¨ †`k ev AÂj †_‡K fv‡jv D`vniY¸‡jv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ wbR †`‡ki ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ms¯‹vi‡K Aek¨B g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e|
Q.     AmvaviY wk¶v Kg©m~wP Gesq D”P SzuwKc~Y© AvPiY †iv‡a we‡kl cÖqvm Aek¨B m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|
R.    ¯‹zj cÖPvi gva¨‡g AbvbyôvwbK †bUIqvK© cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡e|
S.    GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg †kªYxK‡¶ mxgve× ivL‡j n‡e bv| G‡`i cvV¨m~wP Ges cvV¨m~wPi ewnfy©³ Kvh©µg †hgb- hye K¨v¤ú, †cmvi GWy‡Kkb, w_‡qUvi (bvU¨gÂ) wk¶v cÖ`k©bx cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges †LjAayjvi m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
T.  RxbgyLx wk¶v Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
wbgœwjwLZ Rb‡Mvôx we‡klfv‡e SzuwKc~Y© t
1.      wK‡kvi Ges Zi“Y m¤cÖ`vqt Giv GBP AvBwf/GBWm welqK Z_¨ I cÖwZ‡iva †mev †_‡K ewÂZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y cÖvq SuywKc~Y© †hŠb AvPiY I †bgv RvZxq `ªe¨ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
2.     evwjKv Ges Aí eq¯‹ gwnjvt Zviv cÖvqB wk¶v †_‡K ewÂZ nq| AwZ Aí eq‡m we‡q n‡q hvq Ges †hŠb wgj‡bi mgq Zv‡`i m½x‡`i KbWg e¨env‡i eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
3.     fvmgvb Rb‡Mvôx t Zviv cÖvqB wb‡Ri cwievi cwiRb Ges mvgvwRK eÜb wcQ‡b †d‡j Av‡m d‡j cÖvqB GKvwK‡Z¡i Kvi‡Y †hŠb Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ †hŠb wgj‡b eva¨ nq Giv †h kn‡i hvq †mLv‡bB cªvqB Zv‡`i †Kvb eÜz ev mvnvh¨Kvix bv _vKvq mn‡RB †hŠb SzuwKi wkKvi nq|
4.     ‡bkvi Jla MÖnYKvix Rb‡Mvôx t we‡klfv‡e hLb GKB m~uP GKvwaK e¨w³ e¨envi K‡i A_ev †bkv `ªe¨ ev A‡_©i Rb¨ Awbivc` †hŠb wgj‡b iZ nq|
5.     ‡hŠb Kg©x Ges Zv‡`i L‡Ïi t †h‡nZz †hŠb Kg©x‡`i A‡bK †hŠb m½x _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i A‡bK‡KB Zviv mgqgZ †hŠb wgj‡b KbWg e¨env‡i eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv d‡j A‡bK L‡Ïi GBP AvBwf/GBWm Øviv msµwgZ nq Ges Zv‡`i Ab¨vb¨ †hŠb m½x‡`iI msµwgZ K‡i|
6.     mvgvwRK †hŠb RvwZMZ Ges ag©xq msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vqt Zv‡`i wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv Ávb I `¶Zv _v‡K bv| Zviv cÖvqB g‡b K‡i g~j avivi ms¯‹…wZ KZ…©K Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwZ‡iva cÖ‡Póvi Zv‡`i wel‡q D‡cw¶Z n‡”Q|
7.     c_ wkï Kg©Rxex wkï Ges we`¨gvb ewnf~©Z wkït GBPAvBwf/GBWm msµvgY †_‡K wKfv‡e wb‡R‡`i i¶v Ki‡Z nq G e¨vcv‡i Ávb I `¶Zv Zv‡`i bvMv‡ji evB‡i _v‡K| myZivs GBP AvBwf msµg‡Yi m¤¢vebv Kwg‡q Avbvi A_© n‡”Q msµgY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai RbM‡Yi ¶gZv e„w× Kiv|
cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, hw` cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg mdj nq Zvn‡j gnvgvix‡K `gb Kiv m¤¢e, _vBj¨vÛ Ges K‡¤^vwWqv B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h GKwU kw³kvjx Ges †K›`ªf~Z Kvh©µg gnvgvix‡K `gb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gnvgvix e¨vcKfv‡e we¯—vi jvf Kivi c~‡e©B GB Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| _vBj¨v‡Ûi cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µ‡gi Avw_©K m”QjZv ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv Kvh©µ‡gi e¨vcKZvi j¶ j¶ Rxeb evuwP‡q‡Q, bZzb GBPAvBwf msµgY 1991 mv‡jb GK j¶ †ZZvwj­k nvRvi †_‡K 2001 mv‡j DbwÎk nvRv‡i bvwg‡q G‡b‡Q| hw` Kvh©µg cÖwZ‡iva e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq Z‡e Gwkqv I c¨vwmwdK A‡j `ª“Z MwZ‡Z GBPAvBwf/GBWm Qwo‡q co‡e| hvi cwiYwZ n‡e gvivZ¥K|
6.22.3 ¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z GBWm-Gi †bwZevPK f~wgKv
          The threat AIDS Poses to pablic Health
hy³iv‡óª GBWm-Gi Kvi‡Y 3 j¶ †jvK g„Zz¨eiY K‡i| Z‡e GUv n‡”Q mgy‡`ª fvmgvb GKwU eid cvnv‡oi Dc‡ii Dcmgvš— gvÎ| KviY g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e G‡`i A‡bK¸Y †ewk hy³iv‡óªi Awaevmx GBPAvBwf †iv‡M Avµvš— Z`ycwi A‡b‡KB hviv GBPAvBwf †iv‡M Avµvš— Zv‡`i g‡a¨ GB †iv‡Mi j¶Y bvI †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Zviv mv”Q‡›`¨ mevi mv‡_ wg‡k †eov‡”Q| A‡b‡KB wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Gi j¶Y Lye GKv cÖ‡Kvc bv nIqvi Kvi‡Y ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb K‡i hvq| Z‡e GB ai‡bi †jvKR‡bi 70-75 kZvsk e„w× cieZ©x ch©v‡q GKRb cwic~Y© GBWm †ivMx‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib, G‡`i 100 fvMB c~Y© GBWm †ivMx‡Z Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| mnR K_v †`‡ki GKwU weivU Ask GB †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| GBWm ïaygvÎ hy³iv‡óªiB ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v bq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi mv‡eK gnvcwiPvj‡Ki g‡Z, GBWm †ivMwU w`b w`b Avq‡Z¡i evB‡i P‡j hv‡”Q| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb, 2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨B c„w_ex‡Z GBWm †ivMxi msL¨v 12 †KvwU‡Z `uvov‡e| DMvÛv Ges wR¤^vey‡qi g‡Zv A‡bK †`k Zv‡`i RbmsL¨v 4 fv‡Mi 1 fvM nviv‡Z em‡e Ges e„nËi †hŠb wk‡íi Kvi‡Y Gwkqvi A‡bK †`‡kI GB †iv‡Mi msµg‡Yi m¤§yLxb|

            GBWm Avµvš— e¨w³‡K N„Yv ev ˆelg¨ Kiv DwPZ bq †Kb?
Why not the AIDS affected will be hated or avoid?
GBPAvBwf Avµvš— e¨w³‡K N„bv ev ˆelg¨ Kiv DwPZ bq| Avµvš— e¨w³‡K Avgiv N„Yv I ‰elg¨ Ki‡Z cvwi bv, eis gnvbyf~wZi nvZ cÖk¯— Ki‡Z cvwi| †Kbbv-
cÖ_gZ, †KD hw` KL‡bv Amy¯’ W‡q hvq Zvn‡j Avgiv Zv‡K Mvj g›` Kwi bv, eis Zvi cÖwZ mnvbyf~wZi nvZ evwo‡q †`B|
wØZxqZ, GBWm †Quvqv‡P bq, Kv‡RB wZwb †Zv KvD‡K Zv Qwo‡q w`‡PQb bv|
Z…ZxqZ, Zvi cÖwZ N„Yv ev ˆelg¨ †`Lv‡j wZwb Avµv‡š—i welqwU †Mvcb K‡i hv‡eb Ges cÖKvk bv Kivi Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv h_vh_ e¨e¯’v MÖnY bv K‡i Zvi K…ZK‡g©i gva¨‡g Ab¨ Kv‡iv g‡a¨ Zv Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib|
PZz_©Z, Avµvš— e¨w³‡`i cÖwZ N„Yv I ˆelg¨ _vK‡j B”QvK…Zfv‡e GBPAvBwf †U÷ Kiv‡Z ivwR n‡eb bv, ZLb †KB Rvb‡Z cvi‡e bv Zvi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf Av‡Q wKbv| d‡j GBPAvBwf wbqš¿Y Kiv LyeB KwVb n‡q hv‡e|
cÂgZ, GBPAvBf ev †h †Kv‡bv †ivM RxevYy ˆbwZK ev A‰bwZK welq †ev‡S bv| GBPAvBwf †h KvD‡K Avµvš— Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv wbwðZ K‡i KvD‡K ej‡Z cvwi bv †h †m A‰bwZKfv‡e GBPAvBf †c‡q‡Q|
lôZ, GBPAvBwfi Kvi‡Y GKRb evj‡KB gviv hv‡eb bv, eis m„wóKZ©v PvB‡j GBPAvBwf wb‡qI wZwb eû eQi Kg©¶g _vK‡Z cvi‡eb| Kv‡RB wZwb †h †ckvq Av‡Qb †mLv‡b †_‡K wZwb cwievi Z_v mgv‡Ri Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi gviv †Zv Avgiv GKw`b mevB hve| ïay GBPAvBwfi Kvi‡Y GUv g‡b Kiv DwPZ bv †h, wZwb Avgvi Av‡M gviv hv‡eb|



6.22.5          †iv‡Mi wek¦vqb
          The Globalization of Disease
GBWm-Gi hvÎv ïi“ nq A¶Z †Kv‡bv GjvKvi cÖL¨vZ †ivM wn‡m‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv A¶Z GjvKv‡ZB mxgve× _vKZ Zvn‡j nvRvi eQi nq‡Zv †m Zvi GjvKv wfwËK ivR¯^ mevi m‡½B Pvwj‡q †hZ| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi wek¦vq‡bi mv‡_ GB †iv‡MiI wek¦vqb N‡U hvq| Z‡e wPwKrm‡`i evowZ Avk¯‹vi welq n‡”Q †h, GBWm-Gi †P‡qI Av‡iv A‡bK fqsKi †Kv‡bv wivM wb‡Ri †QvULvU GjvKv †Q‡o mviv we‡k¦ `ª“Z Qwo‡q A‡bK cÖvY msnvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- hv‡q‡ei g‡Zv †`‡k G½yjv fvBiv‡mi cÖv`yf©ve| Z‡e hvB †nvK †Kv‡bv g‡Z GB GjvKvi Dci cy‡ivcywi wb‡lavÁv Rvix K‡i GB †iv‡Mi Dci K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y Avbv nq| Aš—Z GB mg‡qi Rb¨| GiKg A‡bK †ivM Av‡Q hv GBWm-Gi †P‡qI `ª“Z Qov‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- evW© d¬z †ivM| G iKg 1918 mv‡j nVvr K‡ GK ai‡bi d¬z †`Lv †`q hvi cÖv`y©v‡ei ci ciB AvovB †KvwU †jv‡Ki g„Zy¨ N‡U| Z‡e ZLb †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v †Zgb DbœZ wQj bv| eZ©gvb hy‡M wKš‘ GKwU bZzb fvBivm GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ mviv c„w_ex‡Z Qwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges 1gv‡mi g‡a¨B kZ‡KvwU †jvK g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z cv‡i|

6.22.6 GBWm- wek¦ cwiw¯’wZ
          AIDS World Condition
          BDGb GBWm cÖKvwkZ 4_© Ô‡M­vevj wi‡cvU© Ab GBWm Gwc‡WwgKÕ Abyhvqx 2004 mv‡j 4.9 wgwjqb †jvK bZzbfv‡e GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| AvbygvwbK 39.4 wgwjqb †jvK eZ©gv‡b GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| ïay 2004 mv‡jB g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Q 3.1 wgwjqb †jvK| mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ msµgY h‡_ó †e‡o‡Q| 1997 mv‡j GBP AvBwf msµwgZ‡`i 41% wQj gwn‡jv; 2002 mv‡j Zv †e‡o n‡q‡Q 50%| bvix-cyi“‡li †hŠb wgjbB GBPAvBwf msµgY we¯—v‡ii KviY wn‡m‡e kx‡l© i‡q‡Q| †hme †`‡k we‡kl Rb‡Mvôx †hgb WªvM e¨enviKvix, fvmgvb Rb‡Mvôx Ges Kvive›`x‡`i g‡a¨ Nbxf~Z AvKv‡i GBPAvBwf gnvgvix Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q †mme †`‡kI gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ msµg‡Yi nvi D‡j­L‡hvM¨|
          Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k GBWm-Gi wP‡Ë AZ¨š— fqven| G gnv‡`‡ki 16wU †`‡ki 15 †_‡K 49 eQi eq‡mi RbmsL¨vi `kfv‡Mi GK fvMB GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš—| `w¶Y Avwd«Kv‡Z we‡k¦i me‡P‡q GBPAvBwf/GBWm †ivMx i‡q‡Q| Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki cÖvq 70 jvL gvbyl GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš—| K‡¤^vwWqv, gvqvbgvi _vBj¨vÛ Ges fvi‡Zi K‡qKwU cÖ‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi cÖ‡Kvc †ewk| GBPAvBwf/GBWm kZKiv 90 fvMB Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i|

          gwnjv t we‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b 15-49 eQi eqmx 1 †KvwU 54 j¶ gwnjv GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš—| GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avµvš— nIqvi †¶‡Î gwnjvivB †ewk SzuwKc~Y©| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY gwnjv‡`i wbgœ Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb| ˆ`wnK wgj‡bi gva¨‡g gwnjv †_‡K cyi“‡li Zzjbvq, cyi“l †_‡K gwnjvi Avµvš— nIqvi SuywK wZb¸b †ewk| Rix‡c †`Lv †M‡Q Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k Zi“Y‡`i Zzjbvq Zi“Yx‡`i GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš— nIqvi SuywK †ewk| gwnjv‡`i mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK SuywK †ewk| M„n cÖavb hw` GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš— nq ev gviv hvq, †m‡¶‡Î cwiev‡ii A_©‰bwZK `vwqZ¡ gwnjv‡`i enb Ki‡Z nq| cwiev‡ii ¯^vgx, cyÎ, fvB ev Ab¨ cyi“l m`m¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš— n‡j cwiev‡ii †g‡qiv Zv‡`i cwiPh©v K‡i| wKš‘ gwnjviv GBPAvBwf/GBWm †ivMx †ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB cwiev‡ii wbM„nxZ nq|
wkï, wK‡kvi I Zi“Y t we‡k¦ G ch©š— GBWm-Gi Kvi‡Y †gvU g„Zz¨i msL¨v cÖvq 2 †KvwU 18 j¶| G‡`i g‡a¨ wkï n‡”Q 43 j¶| cÖwZw`b cÖvq 16 nvRvi gvbyl GBPAvBwf-‡Z Avµvš— n‡”Q| G‡`i kZKiv 10 fvMB Ab~aŸ© 15 eqmx| G ch©š— 30 j¶ wkï GBP AvBwf c‡RwUf wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges G ch©š— 80 jvL wkïi gv GBWm Gi Kvi‡Y gviv †M‡Q| 2010 mvj bvMv` Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ cÖvq 4 †KvwU wkï gvZ…nxb A_ev wcZ…nxb n‡e A_ev gv-evev Dfq AwffveK‡K nviv‡e| eZ©gv‡b wK‡kvi I Zi“Y eqmx A_©vr 15 †_‡K 24 eQi eqmx RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm `ª“Z we¯—vi jvf K‡i‡Q| cÖwZw`b bZzb Avµvš— 16 nvRv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖvq A‡a©KB 15 †_‡K 24 eQi eqmx RbmsL¨v|

GBPAvBwf/GBWm- AvÂwjK cwiw¯’wZ t Gwkqv A‡j AvbygvwbK 7.4 wgwjqb †jvK GBPAvBwf wb‡q emevm Ki‡Q| 2003 mv‡j cÖvq 0.5 wgwjqb †jvK G A‡j g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Q Ges cÖvq 1.1 wgwjqb †jvK bZzb K‡i GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| Gwkqv A‡ji fviZ I Px‡b GBPAvBwf gnvgvix AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q| 2004 mv‡j AvbygvwbK 4.6 wgwjqb †jvK fvi‡Z GBPAvBwf msµwgZ wQj| Gi wewk msµgY N‡U‡Q †hŠb cÖwµqvq, Z‡e †bkv MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ B‡RKk‡i gva¨‡g wKQz GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Z `w¶Y c~e© A‡ji gwbcyi I bv`©vj¨v‡Û Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †bkv MÖnYKvix‡`i 60-70% GBPAvBwf msµwgZ hviv A‡kvwaZ wmwiÄ e¨envi K‡i| `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi wZbwU †`k K‡¤^vwWqv, gvqvbgvi Ges _vBj¨vÛ mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GBWm gnvgvix †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q| K‡¤^vwWqv RvZxqfv‡e GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi gvÎv cÖvq 3% hv Gwkqvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk| 2003 mv‡ji AvbygvwbK wnmve Abyhvqx gvqvbgv‡i GBPAvBwf msµvwgZ †jv‡Ki msL¨v 3 j¶ 30 nvRvi|

GBPAvBwf/GBWmt wek¦ cwiwl&_wZ I evsjv‡`kt
 Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fviZ I gvqvbgvimn Pxb, K‡¤^vwWqv, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, wf‡qZbvg, †bcvj Ges _vBj¨v‡ÛI GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi e¨vcK we¯—…wZ j¶¨ Kiv hv‡”Q| GBWm GgbB gvivZœK I fqven †h, GwU gvby‡li cÖZ¨vwkZ Avqy¯‹vj Kwg‡q †`q I †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ‡K evavMÖ¯— K‡i| GBWm gvbemf¨Zv Ges Gi µgvMZ Dbœq‡bi c‡_ Ab¨Zg euvav|
2007 mv‡ji †kl Aewa we‡k¦ GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avµvš— †jv‡Ki msL¨v wQj 33.3 wgwjqb| eZ©gv‡b we‡¤^ cÖwZw`b cÖvq 11.000 gwnjv I cyi“l GBP AvBwf‡Z Avµvš— n‡”Q| GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avµvš— †jv‡Ki msL¨v µgvš^‡q †e‡oB P‡j‡Q| UNAIDS 2007-Gi Z_¨ Abyhvqx c„w_exe¨vcx cÖwZ eQi bZzbfv‡e GBPAvBwf Avµvš—‡`i A‡a©KB n‡”Q 25 eQ‡i Kg eqmx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, hyeK-hyeZx| Gi KviY Zv‡`i kvixwiK cwieZ©b I eq‡mi Av‡eM| GQvov Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi wewfbœ KviY, †hgb-wk¶v my‡hv‡Mi Afve, ¯^v¯’¨ †mev my‡hv‡Mi Afve I Avw_©K Amvg_¨© we‡k¦i `wi`ª †`kmg~‡ni Aí eqmx Rb‡Mvôx‡K GBPAvBwf msµg‡Y SzuwKc~Y© K‡i †Zv‡j|
evsjv‡`‡kI GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi cÖv`yf©ve n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, mvaviY Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ GwU GL‡bv gvivZ¥K AvKvi aviY K‡iwb| wKš‘ GKB m~Pu I wmwiÄ GKvwaK e¨w³ KZ…©K e¨env‡i gva¨‡g gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi nvi gnvgvix ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡P‡Q| G ai‡Yi gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnYKvix‡`i GKwU eo AskB n‡”Q †`‡ki wK‡kvi I hye mgvR| evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm cwiw¯’wZ mvgwMÖKfv‡e gvivZ¥K AvKvi avib bv Ki‡jI wek¦ cwiw¯’wZ, we‡kl K‡i AvÂwjK cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i G wel‡q wbw¯Œq _vKvi †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB| 2007 mv‡j cÖvß miKvwi Z_¨ Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf msµvwgZ e¨w³i msL¨v cÖvq 7500| GB Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgv‡`i GLbB mZK© n‡Z n‡e Ges GBPAvBwf cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki gZ GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki weivRgvb Av_©-mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv‡Z bvixi `~e©j Ae¯’vb, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ wk¶vi Afve, Aí eq‡m we‡q, cyi“‡li AvwacZ¨, bvix cyi“‡li m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î bvix‡`i †MŠY f~wgKv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cyi“‡li Zzjbvq bvixiv G‡`‡k GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi †¶‡Î AwaKZi SuywKc~Y© Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ GKwU Kvh©Ki Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kivi GLbB h_v_© mgq| bZzev Aí mg‡qi g‡a¨B evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf cÖv`yf©v‡ei (Prevalence) nvi AZ¨š— D”PgvÎv aviY Ki‡e Ges Gi wbqš¿b KwVb n‡e|

6.22.7 GBWm I evsjv‡`k
          AIDS and Bangladesh
          GKwesk kZvãxi cÖvi‡š— AvR we‡k¦i gvby‡li giYe¨vwa wn‡m‡e GBWm me‡P‡q †ewk D”PvwiZ n‡”Q| G e¨vwai nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z wek¦ AvR kw¯‹Z| gvbe mf¨Zv‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z GBWm nvbv w`‡”Q cÖwZwbqZ| mf¨Zvi µgweKvk‡K e„×v½yj †`wL‡q µgea©gvb nv‡i Qwo‡q co‡Q NvZK e¨vwa¸‡jv| †Zgwb GK cÖvYNvwZ e¨vwa GBWm| fqven G GBWm gvbe mf¨Zv‡K ïay wecbœ Ki‡Q bv, gvbe Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖwZI ûgwK †`Lv †`q evi evi| 1989 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g GBWm †ivMevnx wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| 1995 mvj ch©š— GBPAvBwf Avµv‡š—i msL¨v 15-20 R‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b G msL¨v Avk¼vRbK| 2003 mvj ch©š— GBPAvBwf Avµv‡š—i msL¨v miKvixfv‡e 363 Rb| hw`I ejv n‡”Q 30 nvRv‡iiI †ewk evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwfevnx †ivMx i‡q‡Q|
          evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf-i Avµv‡š—i msL¨v wewk nIqvi GKgvÎ KviY cÖwZ‡ekx fviZ| fvi‡Z cÖwZ 100 Rb Z_¨vbymv‡i Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e evsjv‡‡ki cwiw¯’wZ †gvUvgywU fvj| GLv‡b 3 nvRvi eq¯‹ gvby‡li g‡a¨ gvÎ 1 R‡bi †`‡n GBPAvBwf fvBivm i‡q‡Q|

          1998 mvj †_‡K Rvbv hvq, D”PgvÎvq SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ msµg‡Yi nvi Av‡Mi PvB‡Z evo‡Q| d‡j †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li g‡a¨I G fvBivm `ª“Z Qwo‡q covi SuywK i‡q‡Q| cÖK…Z cÖ¯—v‡e fq¯‹i Z_¨ n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g gv`K‡mex‡`i AwZ 1k R‡bi g‡a¨ 2 R‡bi †`‡n GBPAvBwf fvBivm c‡RwUf i‡q‡Q|

          evsjv‡`‡k RvZxq GBWm KwgwUi †m‡µUvix Wvt bRi“j Bmjvg welqwU we‡k­lY K‡i e‡jb 1980 mv‡j _vBj¨v‡Ûi Bb‡RwUs gv`K e¨enviKvix‡`i g‡a¨ msµg‡Yi nvi 2 kZvsk †_‡K 4 kZvsk jvwd‡q I‡V gvÎ 1 eQi mg‡q, `ª“Z MwZ‡Z Qwo‡q covi KviY n‡”Q gv`K †mexi m~uP I wmwiÄ ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fvMvfvwM K‡i e¨envi Kiv| ev¯—‡e evsjv‡`‡ki kZKiv 77 fv‡MiI †ewk gv`K‡mex GB PP©v K‡i _v‡K|
          m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq GBWm cÖwZ‡iva I wbqš¿b Kg©m~Px Ges BD, Gb, GBWm I GBWm mswk­ó RvwZmsN ms¯’vi A½msMV‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq evsjv‡`‡ki Avš—R©vwZK D`ivgq M‡elYv †K›`ª G Rwic KvRwU cwiPvjbv K‡i‡Q| G Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g gv`K‡mex, cwZZv Ges mgKvgx cyi“l‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf fvBivm msµg‡Yi nvi AbymÜvb Kiv nq| †`‡ki bRie›`x, m‡›`nfvRb‡`i ga¨ †_‡K KZ `ª“Z fvBivm Qov‡”Q Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv n‡”Q GB Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g| G Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix M‡elK W. Zvmwbg AvwR‡gi g‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk kn‡ii eo eo cwZZvj‡q 1k †hŠbRxex bvixi g‡a¨ 1 Rb GBPAvBwf fvBivm Avµvš—| Aciw`‡K fvmgvb cwZZv hviv cwZZv cj­xi evB‡i †_‡K †`n e¨emv Pvjvq Zv‡`i g‡a¨I kZKiv 1 fvM GBPAvBwf c‡RwUf Avµvš—|
          GQvov, G fvBiv‡mi mÜvb AviI wKQz MÖ“‡ci g‡a¨ cvIqv †M‡Q hviv A_©‰bwZK Af¨vm Af¨¯— e‡j cwiwPZ, †hgb †hŠb †ivM wPwKrmvi wK¬wb‡Ki †ivMxiv Ges cyi“‡li mv‡_ †hŠbK‡g© Af¨¯— cyi“liv|
          ‡Kqvi evsjv‡`‡ki †mŠR‡b¨ W. K¨v‡ivj †RbwKÝ G Rwi‡ci mv‡_ KvR K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi aviYv, evsjv‡`‡k GBWm gnvgvixi cÖvš— mxgvq G‡m `uvwo‡q‡Q| Gb‡RKwUs gv`K‡mex‡`i g‡a¨ fvBivm `ª“Z Qov‡”Q, G Avk¼v e¨³ K‡i wZwb e‡jb, ïay ZvB bq G Rwi‡c ÔwmwdwjmÕ Gi msµgY evovq gvivZ¥K Z_¨I i‡q‡Q| m‡›`nfvRb wewfbœ MÖ“‡c †`Lv †M‡Q 22 kZvs‡ki †ewk wmwdwj‡m Avµvš—| GUv D‡Ø‡Mi KviY| wmwdwj‡mi QvovI ¶Z w`‡q GBPAvBwf fvBivm Aejxjvq GKRb †_‡K Av‡iKR‡bi †`‡n Xy‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| wmwdwjm QvovI †hŠb‡ivM M‡bvwiqv Ges Chancroid Gi Kvi‡Y †`‡n ¶‡Zi m„wó nq, hvi ga¨ w`‡q GBPAvBwf msµgY mnR|
          W. †RbwK‡Ýi g‡Z, cwZZv cj­xi 10 R‡bi g‡a¨ 8 Rb †hŠbRxex bvix Ges fvmgvb cwZZv †g‡q‡`i AwaKvskB †hŠb‡ivM (STD) Avµvš—| evsjv‡`‡k 1 jvL 20 nvRvi †hŠbRxex bvix Av‡Q| GI`i cÖ‡Z¨K M‡o eQ‡i 1 nvRvi L‡Ïi‡K †mev †`q| G Ae¯’vq we‡klÁiv mZ©KevYx D”PviY K‡i e‡jb, evsjv‡`k‡K AvNvZ Kivi Rb¨ GBPAvBwf fvBivm hLb Iur †c‡Z Av‡Q gvÎ| STD ‡hŠb‡ivMx mgKvgx cyi“l‡`i g‡a¨ Kg n‡jI Zv B‡Zvg‡a¨ 50 kZvsk †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| Bb‡RKwUs gv`K e¨enviKvix‡`i msL¨vI GKB| Z‡e we‡klfv‡e fvevi welq UªvKjwi PvjK‡`i wb‡q, hviv wbqwgZ cwZZv cj­x‡Z hvZvqvZ K‡i, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ STD Gi msµg‡Yi msL¨v 30 kZvsk| G wnmve QvovI †`Lv †M‡Q, cwZZv cj­x‡Kw›`ªK †hŠbRxex †g‡q‡`i 14 R‡bi g‡a¨ 1 Rb g‡b K‡i †h, Zvi GBP AvBwf Avµvš— nIqvi SuywK i‡q‡Q| Z‡e fvmgvb cwZZv †g‡qiv wec` m¤ú‡K© †ewk m‡PZb, cÖwZ 5 R‡bi g‡a¨ 1 Rb G SuywK m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb| Z‡e me‡P‡q wec¾bK Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q hviv cvqyc_ w`‡q ÔKbWgÕ Qvov †hŠbK‡g© Af¨¯—| G ai‡bi mgKvgx cyi“l‡`i gvΠ kZvsk g‡b K‡i Zv‡`i Rxeb D”PgvÎvq Suywi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q|
          W. K¨v‡ij †RbwK‡Ýi g‡Z, †emiKvix ms¯’vi (NGO) GBPAvBwf GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq wKQz wKQz cwZZv cj­x‡Z KbWg e¨env‡ii cÖwZ m‡PZb Kivi KvR Kiv n‡”Q| wKš‘ †`Lv †M‡Q, Avq K‡g hvIqvi Avk¼vq cwZZ †g‡qiv Zvi L‡Ïi‡K ÔKbWgÕ e¨envi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z mvnm cvq bv|

evsjv‡`‡k GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a RvZxq D‡`¨vM t
          GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡ivaK‡í miKvi MVb K‡i‡Qb RvZxq GBWm KwgwU, hvi c„ô‡cvlKZvq i‡q‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki gnvgvb¨ evóªcwZ ¯^qs| RvZxq GBWm KwgwU‡K mnvqZvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKwU †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU| RvZxq ch©v‡q wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡klÁ e¨w³MY G KwgwUi m`m¨| 1987 mv‡j evsjv‡`k miKvi cÖ_g GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡ib Ges 1989 mv‡j 3 eQi †gqv`x ga¨eZ©x cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| G cwiKíbvi AvIZvq 1990 mv‡j GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wPi m~Pbv nq| 1994-96 mv‡j BDGbwWwcÕi A_©vq‡b GBP AvBwf/GBWm Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| G mgq GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ Acwinvh© RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW †cÖvMÖvg Gi hvÎv ïi“ nq| 1997 mv‡j wbivc` i³ cwimÂvjb welqK RvZxq †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv nq| G ch©š— hviv †`‡k 98wU wbivc` i³ cwimÂvjb †K›`ª Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b GBPAvBwf, wmwdwjm, I †hŠb‡ivM welqK bxwZgvjv gš¿xcwil` KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z nq| 1997-2002 mv‡ji Rb¨ cÖ_g RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| bZzb Avw½‡K 1998 mv‡j RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW Kg©m~wP mwµq Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡i|

RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW †cÖvMÖvg (GbG Gm wc) t
          GBPAvBwf/GBWm I †hŠb‡ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai †¶‡Î HNPSP-Gi AvIZvq †emiKvix ms¯’v I Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡`i mv‡_ Askx`vwiZ¡ Ges my-m¤úK© m„wói gva¨‡g miKvi D‡Ï¨vMx f~wgKv MÖnY K‡ib| miKv‡ii RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW †cÖvMÖvg †`ke¨vcx miKvix wefvM Ges †emiKvwi I †¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’v¸‡jv mgš^‡q GbGGmwc mgš^q KwgwU MVb Ki‡e| mvifvBj¨vÝmn Kg©m~wU gwbUi, g~j¨vqb Gg AvB Gm Ges cÖKí cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb GbGGmwcÕi Aš—fy©³ | GbGGmwc Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv, m¤ú` AvniY I `vZv‡K Aby`vb cÖvwßi †¶‡ÎI mwµq i‡q‡Q mKj mn‡hvMx Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqbKvix cÖwZôvb‡K Z_¨ I ev¯—em¤§Z jvMmB Ávb I `¶Zv cÖ`v‡b GbGGmwc memgq m‡Pó|
          G ch©š— AwR©Z mvdj¨ t G ch©š— cÖwZ‡iv‡a RvZxqfv‡e AwR©Z wKQ~ mvdj¨ wb‡gœ D‡j­L Kiv n‡jv-
          1985 mv‡j RvZxq GBWm KwgwU MVb Kiv nq;
          1994-95 mv‡j BDGbwcwcÕi mnvqZvq GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kg©m~wP Pvjy Kiv nq;
          1997 mv‡j wbivc` i³ cwimÂvj‡bi Kg©c×wZ cÖYqb Kiv nq, hvi AvIZvq 98wU wbvic` i³ cwimÂvjb †K›`ª Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q;
          1997 mv‡j RvZxq GBPAvBwf/GBWm I †hŠb‡ivM welqK bxwZgvjv gš¿xcwil` KZ…©K Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i;
          cuvP eQi †gqv`x RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv ( 1997-2002) cÖYqb I RvZxq GBWm KwgwUi Aš—f~©w³i gva¨‡g Gi ev¯—evqb Kiv nq;
          wØZxq cÂevwl©K RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv cÖYqb (2004-2010) eZ©gvb P~ovš— ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q;
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a AvPiY cwieZ©b †hvMv‡hvM †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q;
evwYwR¨K †hŠb †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z RbRwi‡ci KvR m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q;
GBPAvBwf wmwdwjm wel‡q cÂg †mw›Ubvj mvifvBj¨vÝ m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q I lô mifvBj¨vÝ cÖwµqv ïi“ n‡q‡Q, Ges GbGGmwcÕi Kv‡R mnvqZv I Avš—tgš¿Yvjjq mn‡hvwMZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ G ch©š— 17wU gš¿Yvj‡q †dvKvj c‡q›U g‡bvbqb †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
GQvovI Rb‡PZbZv ‰Zwii Rb¨ mviv‡`‡k wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GjvKvq 650wU wej‡evW© ¯’vcb Kiv  n‡q‡Q Ges †iwWI †Uwjwfk‡b evZ©v cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GBPAvBwf msµwgZ GBWm Avµvš—‡`i †bUIqvK© MV‡b Ges Zv‡`i †mev I GAviwf mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiv n‡”Q| mKj ch©v‡qi we‡klÁ‡`i wb‡q GBWm I gvbevwaKvi wel‡q GKwU Uv· †dvm© MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Acev` I ˆelg¨ wbim‡b AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói j‡¶¨ cÖwZeQi wek¦ GBWm w`em cvjb Kiv n‡”Q|
‡emKvix †¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’vmg~‡ni mv‡_ Askx`vwiZ¡ t GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq b¨vkbvj Ges †jvKvj †j‡ej GbwRI e¨vcK AvKv‡i SuywKc~Y© bi‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q| GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a D™¢vebxg~jK †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z G GbwRI¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Q| wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡b GbwRI¸‡jv wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µ‡gi ïi“ †_‡K GbwRImg~n ¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| cwjwm GW‡fv‡Kwm, wimvP© I Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡b GbwRI‡`i f~wgKv D‡j­L‡hvM¨| mwµq GbwRI‡`i GKwU RvZxq †bUIqvK© i‡q‡Q| miKvi I `vZv ms¯’v‡`i mnvqZv GbwRImg~n GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Zv‡`i f~wgKv Ae¨vnZ ivL‡e e‡j wewfbœ ¯—‡i HK¨gZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GbwRImg~n m‡PZbZv e„w×, AvPiY cwieZ©bg~jK †hvMv‡hvM, fjv›Uvix KvD‡Ýwjs, GBPAvBwf cix¶v Ges †hŠb †ivM e¨e¯’vcbv I †mevg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|

eZ©gvb cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wP t SuywKc~Y©© Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµgY wbqš¿b Ges mvaviY Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ msµgY mxwgZ ivLv, SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZ Acev` I ˆelg¨ wbim‡bi j‡¶¨ wek¦e¨vsK, hy³ivR¨ I evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii A_©vq‡b GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva cÖKí ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡”Q| G cÖK‡íi g~j Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡”Q-
(1) SuywKc~~Y© Rb‡Mvôx Z_v †hŠbKg©x, Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †bkvMÖnYKvix, mgKvgx I fvmgvb Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg, (2) G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g mvaviY RbMY, ¸YxRb, bxwZwba©viKmn mKj †kªYxi gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× I `„wófw½i cwieZ©b,  (3) wbivc` i³cÖvwß mieivn, †¯^”Qvq i³`v‡b DrmvwnZKiY, ¸YMZgvb wbwðZ, i³ e¨env‡i †hŠw³KZv, i³ msi¶Y I e­vWe¨vsK wel‡q bxwZgvjv cÖYqb, (4) cÖvwZôvwbK `¶Zv e„w× Ges h_vh_ Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a mnvqZv cÖ`vb, SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w×, †mev cÖ`vb, cÖwk¶Y, AvPiY cwieZ©b mvgMÖx weZiY, †hŠb‡iv‡Mi wPwKrmv cÖ`vb GLb gvV ch©v‡q ev¯—evwqZ n‡”Q| cvewjK cÖvB‡fU Aswk`vwi‡Z¡ miKv‡ii mv‡_ GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva cÖK‡í 90wU †ewk GbwRI 2003 mvj †_‡K Kg©m~wP ev¯—evwqZ K‡i P‡j‡Q| GBWm cÖwZ‡ivM cÖK‡í BDwb‡md KvwiMwi Ges e¨e¯’vcbv mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`k GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ò‡M­vevj dvÛ di GBWm, wUDevi wKDjwmm GÛ g¨v‡jwiqvÓ Gi wØZxq ch©v‡qi Avw_©K mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q| Gi AvIZvq 15-24 eQi eqmx Zi“Y-Zi“Yx‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµgY cÖwZ‡iva I †`k‡K G gnvgvix AvµgY †_‡K i¶v Kivi j‡¶¨ Kg©m~wP wb‡q‡Q| wRGdGwUg Gi A_©vq‡b G cÖKíwU †mf w` wPj‡Wªb BDGmG e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e KvwiMwi Ges e¨e¯’vcbv mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| †`‡ki †gvU 17wU GbwRI G cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g hye m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb K‡i P‡j‡Q| wek¦¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’v I GbGGmwcÕi KvwiMwi `¶Zv e„w×, mgš^q `¶Zv I Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb, GBPAvBwf cÖwZ‡iva, †mev I mnvqZv Kvh©µg Dbœqb, KvD‡Ýwjs I mvifvBj¨vÝ, wbivc` i³ Kvh©µg Ges RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cÖYqb mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
fwel¨r w`K wb‡`©kbv I Kg©‡KŠkj (Future Guidelines and Techniques) :
evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm cwiw¯’wZ ch©v‡jvPbv, SuywKc~Y© AvPiY gnvgvixi Rb¨ SuywKmg~n G ch©š— ev¯—evwqZ Kvh©µg¸‡jv we‡k­lY K‡i wØZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv (2004-2010) cÖYqb Kiv n‡”Q| G cwiKíbvi g~j j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cuvPwU Kg©m~wPwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ wbav©iY Kiv n‡q‡Q| G D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡”Q AMÖvwaKviwfwËK Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mev I mnvqZv cÖ`vb; evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf msµvg‡Yi SuywK cÖwZ‡iva; ¯^v¯’¨ †mev e¨e¯’vq wbivc` I wbivcËvg~jK Kg©PP©v e„w×; GBPAvBwf/GBWm wb‡q emevmKvix‡`i Rb¨ †mev I mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges GBP AvBwf GBWm gnvgvixi cÖfve Kwg‡q Avbv|
GBPAvBwf I GBWm wb‡q emevmKvix‡`i cÖwZ I Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii cÖwZ ˆelk¨nxZ bxwZ MÖnY Ges Zv‡`i mKj †gŠwjK AwaKvi I ¯^vwaKvi msi¶‡Yi welqwU RvZxq GBWm I GmwUwW welqK bxwZgvjvi (1996) Aš—f~©³ i‡q‡Q| wPwKrmv I †mev cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î Zv‡`i cÖwZ ˆelg¨ I Ab¨vq AvPiY †_‡K weiZ _vKvi welqwU †gwWK¨vj bxwZ gvjvi Aš—f~©³ i‡q‡Q| G bxwZgvjvmg~n AbymiY Ki‡j gnvgvixi †bwZevPK cÖfve n«vm Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K GBWm gnvgvix †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z mKj ¯—‡ii gvby‡li mwµq mn‡hvwMZv I miKv‡ii mg‡qvwPZ Kg©m~wP GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv G Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb ïi“ K‡iwQ|






















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