GBWm
AIDS
we‡k¦
†h KqwU NvZK e¨vwa‡Z gvbyl AwaK msL¨vq AvµvšÍ n‡”Q Zvi g‡a¨ GBWm Ab¨Zg| 1981
mv‡ji gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªi wbDBqK© Ges K¨vwj‡dvwb©qv A‡j cÖ_g GBWm †ivMxi mÜvb
cvIqv hvq| wewfbœ †iv‡Mi cÖwZ‡laK ev wbivgq e¨e¯’v _vK‡jI GBWm m¤ú~b©iæ‡c
wbivgq Ki‡Z cv‡i Ggb Jla GLbI Avwe¯‹vi Kiv hvqwb| d‡j, GBWm-Gi cwiYvg wbwðZ
g„Zz¨|
GBWm cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨ fqsKi GB msµvgK
giYe¨vwa| wek¦ gvbeZvi gvivZœK wech©q †W‡K Avb‡Q GBWm| µgea©gvb wek¦
RbmsL¨vi mv‡_ cvjv w`‡q GBP AvBwf
msµvwgZ Ges GBWm Avµvš— †ivMxi msL¨v w`b w`b e„w× cv‡”Q| 1970 mv‡ji †k‡li w`‡K
we‡k¦ GBWm mbv³ Kiv nq| cÖ_g w`‡K GwU Gay
Related Immune Disease (GRID) A_©vr mgKvwgZvi mv‡_ mswkó
†ivM wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| 1998 mv‡ji †k‡l we‡k¦ Rb‡Mvôxi 3 †KvwU 34 j¶ G †iv‡M
Avµvš— Ges Gi GK Z…ZxqvskB hyeK hyeZx| cÖwZw`b 8,500-Gi AwaK wkï I hyeK-hyeZx
GBP AvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡”Q| AvR‡Ki wkï I hye mgvRB AvMvgx w`‡b cÖvßeq¯‹ bvMwiK
G‡`i‡K G NvZK e¨vwai †Qvej †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j evsjv‡`‡ki g‡Zv Dbœqbkxj
†`‡ki Av_©-mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv gvivZ¥K ûgwKi m¤§yLxb n‡e| cÖwZ eQi 1jv wW‡m¤^i
Ôwek¦ GBWm w`emÕ cvjb Kiv nq| 2004 mv‡j wek¦ GBWm w`e‡mi †¯vMvb n‡”Q ÔGBWm
bvixiv †ewk SuywKc~Y©Õ|
Dbœqbkxj wek¦ GBWm †ivM `ª“Z Qwo‡q
co‡Q, †mB mv‡_ D‡ØMI evo‡Q mviv we‡k¦| mviv we‡k¦i g‡Zv gvwK©b hy³iv‡óªI GBWm
n‡”Q Ab¨Zg wPš—vi welq| kix‡ii cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv aŸsmKvix GB †ivM 1981 mvj ch©š—
Abvwe¯‹…Z wQj| Rxeb ni‡Yi Rb¨ hy³iv‡óª GBWm n‡”Q 11Zg KviY| GBWm hy³iv‡óª GZB
e¨vcKZv jvf K‡i‡Q †h miKvi GBWm Avµvš—‡`i Rb¨ PviwU g¨vMwRb †ei K‡i| GBWm
†iv‡Mi fqvenZv m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i cy‡ivcywi m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e|
GBWm †iv‡M whwb gviv hvb Zvi cwievi
Ki“Y cwiw¯’wZi wkKvi nb| G‡¶‡Î me‡P‡q †ewk ¶wZMÖ¯— nq wkïiv| GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y
wkïiv †gŠwjK AwaKvi †_‡K ewÂZ nq| Avwd«Kvi †`k¸‡jv‡Z cwiev‡ii GBWm †ivMxi †mevi
Kvi‡Y wkï ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv| Avevi A‡b‡K cov †Q‡o †`q Avq †ivRMv‡i Rwo‡q covi
Kvi‡Y GBWm †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y we‡k¦ 1 †KvwU 40 jvL wkï GwZg n‡q †M‡Q| G‡`i cwievi
†f‡O †M‡Q Avevi A‡b‡K evm Ki‡Q bvbv `v`vi mv‡_| †m my‡hvMI mevi †bB|
GB Pµ fvO‡Z n‡e| GBWm †iv‡M gviv hvq
Zv‡`i wkï, ewÂZ nq †jLvcov †_‡K Ges †m wb‡RI n‡Z cv‡i GBWm msµvg‡Yi wkKvi| GBWm
msµg‡Yi wkKvi †_‡K i¶v cvevi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© wkï‡`i Rvbv‡Z n‡e| GB †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y †h
A_©‰wZK `~M©wZ †b‡g Av‡m Zvi nvZ †_‡K GB ai‡bi cwievi¸‡jv‡K i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e|
wkïivB Zv‡`i Avkvi Av‡jv, Zv‡`i evuwP‡q ivLvi D‡`¨vM AvR‡KB wb‡Z n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡k GBWm-Gi cÖv`yf©ve GLbI nq‡Zv
Avgv‡`i bR‡i Avm‡Q bv, wKš‘ GBP AvBwf msµwgZ gvby‡li msL¨v wKš‘ †_‡g †bB| Avi
ZvB G wel‡q wKQz bv K‡i e‡m _vKv n‡e wec¾bK| †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’v‡bi wePv‡iI
evsjv‡`‡ki mveavbZv Aej¤^‡bi c‡¶ h‡_ó KviY Av‡Q| GBWm-Gi ûgwK †hb cÖ‡Kvc AvKvi
aviY bv K‡i †mB D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L GBWm Gi wei“‡× m‡PZbZv ‰Zwi‡Z BDwb‡md †h mKj
Kg©m~wP MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Zvi j¶¨ n‡jv, ÒGBWmRwbZ g„Zz¨i nvZ †_‡K bvix I wkï‡`i i¶v
Kiv Ges 10-24 eQi eqmx‡`i g‡a¨ GBWm-Gi we¯—v‡ii cÖwZ‡iva Kiv|Ó GQvovI Av‡iv
†hme mywbw`©ó j¶¨ i‡q‡Q †h¸‡jv n‡jv-
1.
2010 mv‡j g‡a¨ 10-24 eQi eqmx wkï I
Zi“Y‡`i 80 fvM‡K GBWm-Gi KviY Ges Zvi cÖwZKvi e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© AewnZ Kiv|
2.
GK nvRvi cÖwk¶K‡K GBWm Gi Dci cÖwk¶Y
†`Iqv n‡e, hv‡`i gva¨‡g Kgc‡¶ 2 j¶
Zi“Y‡`i mv‡_ GBWm welqK evZ©v †cŠuQv †`Iqv n‡e|
3.
GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a mwµq AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨ 100
Rb msm` m`m¨v, 2wU msev`cÎ I miKvi/GbwRI Ges mykxj mgv‡Ri 10 Rb RvZxq
†bZ…e„›`‡K Kg©m~wP‡Z Aš—fy©³ Kiv n‡e|
GBWm
Gi cÖwZ‡iva †KŠkj wn‡m‡e hv Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q bxwZ wba©viYx ch©v‡q
GW‡fv‡Kwm Ges mvgvwR m‡PZbZv, AvbyôvwbK I DcAvbyôvwbK wk¶vi gva¨‡g GBWm
cÖwZ‡iv‡a `¶Zv evov‡bv, MYgva¨‡g mnvqZvq m‡PZbZv evov‡bv Ges RvwZms‡Ni RbmsL¨v
Znwe‡ji gva‡g Zi“Y‡`i †mev I mnvqZv cÖ`vb|
GBWm-Gi DrcwË(Origin of AIDA) :
GBWm-Gi DrcwË ev
Drm GL‡bv Rvbv hvq wb| Z‡e wPwKrmK‡`i e×g~j aviYv †bB, GUv Avwd«Kvi †Kv‡bv evbi
n‡Z gvbyy‡li gv‡S msµwgZ nq| Z‡e ZvB hw` n‡q _v‡K nvn‡j evbi †_‡K gvby‡li g‡a¨
GB †ivM wKfv‡e Av‡m Ge¨vcv‡iI †Kv‡bv ¯úó aviYv Kv‡iv Kv‡Q †bB| Z‡e GUv m¤¢eZ
1920 †_‡K 1950 mv‡ji gvSvgvwS †Kv‡bv GK mg‡q N‡U| hLb g¨v‡jwiqv †iv‡Mv Avµvš—
nIqvi Kvi‡Y †jvKR‡bi Dci evbi wKsev wk¤úvÄxi †_‡K i³ msMÖn KiZ| GB nq‡Zv †Kv‡bv
µ‡g evbi †_‡K gvby‡li g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf fvBivm XyK‡Z cv‡i| GLb †`Lv hvq, Avwd«Kvi
A‡bK As‡k evb‡ii gvsm GKwU my¯^v`y Lv`¨| nq‡Zv ev wVKg‡Zv ivbœv bv Kivi Kvi‡Y
evb‡ii gvsm †_‡KI GB fvBivm gvby‡li g‡a¨ Xy‡K c‡o| ‰eÁvwbKiv GLbI GBW‡mi GmKj
KviY m¤ú‡K© ¯úó wKQz ej‡Z bv ci‡YI †R‡bwUK BwÄwbqvwis-Gi gva¨‡g AwP‡iB nq‡Zv Zv
Avwe¯‹vi Ki‡Z cvi‡e|
GBP AvBwf(HIV) wK?
GBP (H)- Human= gvbyl/gvbe|
AvB (I) – Immuno-defcency= kix‡i
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvi Afve|
wf (V) - Virus = fvBivm|
A_©vr GBP AvBwf
n‡jv gvbe kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvi AfveRwbZ fvBivm| GBP AvBwf n‡”Q GK ai‡bi
fvBivm hv kix‡i cÖ‡ek K‡i ¯’vqxfv‡e kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv bó K‡i †`q| GB
fvBivm †Kv‡bv e¨w³‡K AvµgY Ki‡j †mB e¨w³i GBWm †ivM nq| GB fvBivm Avµvš— e¨w³i
i‡³, ex‡h©, †hŠbv‡½i Zij i‡m Ges ey‡Ki `y‡ai g‡a¨ _v‡K|
myZivs Human Immuno-deficiency virus - ‡KD ms‡¶‡c HIV e‡j| GwU GKwU Retro Virus GwUB GBWm Gi
KviY| D‡jL¨ GBP, AvB, wf Avµvš— gvbyl eQ‡ii ci eQi j¶Ynxb Ae¯’vq euvP‡Z cv‡i|
A‡bK M‡elK eZ©gv‡b GBWm-Gi cwie‡Z© GBP AvBwf (HIV disease) wn‡m‡e wb‡`©k K‡i| AIDS n‡jv
HIV ‡iv‡Mi †kl cwiYwZ
hv AwR©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv m¤ú~Y© aŸsm K‡i †`q|
HIV
Virus Avµvš— gvbyl AIDS †ivM nevi K‡qKwU
ch©vq (Stage) i‡q‡Q
†hgb-
1g ch©vq t G
ch©v‡qi ch©v‡qi ¯’vqxZ¡ K‡qK gvm n‡Z A‡bK eQi ch©š— n‡Z cv‡i| G mgq HIV fvBivm Avµvš— gvbyl eQ‡ii ci
eQi j¶Ynxb Ae¯’vq Rxeb-hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i|
2q ch©vq t g„`y
Avµv‡š—i j¶Y cÖKvk cvq| †hgb- IRb n«vm cvIqv, Aemv` Ges K¬vwš—‡Z Avµvš— nIqv|
3. ch©vq t G
ch©vq‡K wPwKrmvwe`¨vi AvbyôvwbK cwifvlvq AIDS-related complex (ARC) ejv nq| G ch©v‡q dzmdzm
msµvš— h²v, AwZwi³ IRb n«vm, AcwieZ©bxq R¡i cÖf„wZ RwUj j¶Y ‡`Lv †`q|
4_© ch©vq t G
ch©v‡q AIDS
wn‡m‡e †ivM wbY©q Kiv nq| G ch©v‡q †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv
Ggb gvivZ¥Kfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯— nq, †`n †ivM cÖwZ‡iva Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| hvi cwiYwZ `yÕeQ‡ii
g‡a¨ wbwðZ g„Zy¨|
GBWm (AIDS) wK?
AIDS
Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv
`Aequired Immune Deficiency Syndrome’ hv ms‡¶‡cÔ AIDS’ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
G (A) – Aequired = AwR©Z;
AvB (I) – Immune = kix‡ii †ivM
cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv;
wW (D) – Deficiency = Afve/NvUwZ;
Gm (S) – Syndrome = A‡bK¸‡jv †ivM
j¶‡Yi mgwó|
AIDS-
Gi cy‡iv A_© n‡jv, AwR©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv NvUwZi j¶Y mgwó|
GBWm GKwU giY N¨vwZ †ivM| GB †iv‡M Avµvš— e¨w³i †ivM cÖwZ‡ivM ¶gZv aŸsm n‡q
hvq| d‡j Avµvš— e¨w³ wewfbœ my‡vM mÜvbx msµg‡Y Nb Nb Avµvš— nq, †hgb- we‡kl
ai‡bi wbD‡gvwbqv, h²v, Z¡‡K msµgY BZ¨vw`‡Z Avµvš— nq Ges GB †iv‡M Avµvš— e¨w³i
g„Zz¨ Awbevh©|
1982 mv‡ji w`‡K GbRyb †iv‡Mi bvg †`Iqv
nq| AIDS. hvi
evsjv A_©, ÒAwR©Z †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv NvUwZi j¶Y mgwó G †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡j kix‡ii
†ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv `x‡i ax‡i n«vm cvq| d‡j †h †Kv‡bv †iv‡Mi RxevYy †hgb h²v,
Wvqwiqv BZ¨vw` mn‡R AvµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i| kix‡ii †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv ax‡i ax‡i K‡g
hvIqvi d‡j †ivMx g„Zz¨gy‡L cwZZ nq| GLb ch©š— GBWm Gi †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv ev
cÖwZ‡iva Avwe¯‹…Z nqwb|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi
we¯—vi (Dispersion of HIV/AIDS)?
eqm, RvwZ, wj½
mvgvwR Ae¯’vb wbwe©‡k‡l mevB GBP AvBwf Øviv mgvbfv‡e Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| GBP AvBwf
gvby‡qi kix‡i Pvi ai‡bi Zij c`v‡_©i gva¨‡g Pwo‡q _v‡K| G¸‡jv n‡”Q i³ exh© †hvwb
im Ges gvZ…`y»| hw` GBPAvBwf Avµvš— cyi“l ev gwnjvi kix‡i Zij c`v_© †Kvb my¯’
e¨w³i i‡³ cÖ‡ek K‡i Z‡eB wZwb GBPAvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡ib|
K.
GBPAvBwf Avµvš— m½xi mv‡_ Awbivc` †hŠb
wgjb GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi cÖavb Dcvq GB †hŠb wgjb †hvwbc_, cvqyc_ gyLMneimn †h †Kvb
ai‡bi †nvK bv †Kb|
L.
GBPAvBwf Avµvš— e¨w³i e¨eüZ myuP I
wmwiÄ cwi‡kvwaZ bv K‡i e¨envi Ki‡j GBPAvBwf msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| GB m~uP †bkv RvZxq
Jla mvaviY Jla Dw¯‹ ev Z¡Kmn †h †Kvb Kvi‡YB e¨envi Kiv †nvK bv †Kb GBPAvBwf
msµgY n‡Z cv‡i|
M.
Mf©ve¯’vq GBPAvBwf enbKvix gv Mf©¯’
mš—vb‡K GBPAvBwf msµgY Ki‡Z cv‡i| Mf©¯’ mš—vb R‡b¥i mgq Ges R‡b¥i ci gvZ…`y‡»i
gva¨‡g msµwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
N.
i³ cwimÂvj‡bi gva¨‡gI GBPAvBwf msµgY
n‡Z cv‡i hw` `vbK…Z iK&_ cixw¶Z bv nq|
O.
gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnY A‡bK Kvi‡Y wec¾K Z‡e
GBPAvBwf msµgb me‡P‡q fqsKi cwiYwZ| GBP, AvBwf msµg‡Yi Rb¨ me PvB‡Z Kvh©Ki c×wZ
n‡”Q mivmwi gv`K`ªe¨ kix‡i i³ cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv| myZivs GB c×wZ Awbivc` †hŠb wgj‡bi
PvB‡ZI †ewk wec¾bK| we‡klfv‡e †RjLvbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbwl× GjvKv †hLv‡b cwi‡kvwaZ
m~uP wmwiÄ cvIqv hvIqv Am¤¢e| †mLv‡b AwZ `ª“Z GBPAvBwf msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| c~‡e©
hviv GK‡Î †bkv MÖnY Ki‡Zv wKš‘ c‡i wew”Qbœ n‡q c‡owQj Zviv ZLb GB mKj GjvKvq
GKwÎZ nq, ZLb Zv‡`i †¶‡Î GB kZ©wU we‡klfv‡e cÖ‡hvR¨|
wb‡P G¸‡jv e¨vL¨v
Kiv n‡jv-
(K)
Aiw¶Z †hŠb wgjb (Sexual Transmission) t HIV Avµvš— cyi“l A_ev gwnjv‡`i
mv‡_ Aiw¶Z †hŠb wgj‡bi (Unprotected
Sexual inter course) gva¨‡g AIDS †ewk Qovq| AIDS Avµvš— e¨w³‡`i kZKiv 75Rb
Aeva I AmZK© †hŠb wgj‡bi gva¨‡g Avµvš— n‡q‡Q| Vaginal Ges Oral
Dfq ai‡bi †hŠb wgj‡bi gva¨‡g G †ivM msµvwgZ n‡Z cv‡i|
(L) i‡³i gva¨‡g (Transmission Through blood) t Avµvš— e¨w³i i³
ev i³RvZ mvgMªx kix‡i MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GBWm Qovq| Avµvš— e¨w³i e¨eüZ m~uP ev wmwiÄ
I Ab¨vb¨v Acv‡ik‡bi hš¿cvwZ RxevYygy³ bv K‡i cybivq e¨envi Ki‡j| Avµvš— e¨w³i
wmwiÄ, †iRvi, †eW ev ¶yi RxevYygy³ bv K‡i cybivq e¨envi Ki‡j|
(M) Avµvš— gv‡qi gva¨‡g (Mother of Child transmission)
t HIV Avµvš— gv
Mf©avi‡Yi d‡j wkï‡`i g‡a¨ G †ivM Qov‡Z cv‡i| wkïi R‡b¥i c~‡e© Mf©ve¯’vq ev
R‡b¥i c‡iI Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| G‡K Vertical
Transmission ejv nq| e¨w³i i³ ev i³RvZ mvgMÖx kix‡i
MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g GBWm Qovq|
(N) Ab¨vb¨ KviY t bMivqb, wkívqb, Awfevmb
cÖe„wZ GBPAvBwf/ GBWm `ª“Z we¯—v‡ii Ab¨Zg KviY| åvg¨gvb kªwgK, DØv¯—y, hvbevnb
kªwgK, †R‡j, ch©UK, Lwb kªwgK Ges `wi`ª gvbyl GBPAvBwf GBWm-Gi Rb¨ †ekx SzuwKi
m¤§yLxb| G †kªYxi gvbyl Rxebgvb m¤ú‡K© mvaviYZ m‡PZb bq, `wi`ª weavq
my‡hvM-myweav †_‡K ewÂZ,cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ G‡`i Kv‡Q mnRjf¨ bq| Giv cwievi †_‡K
wew”Qbœ _v‡K|G Kvi‡Y Zviv †hŠb Kg©x‡`i mvwbœ‡a¨ †ewk Av‡m, Avevi G‡`i g‡a¨
B›Uvi‡fbvm WªvM e¨env‡ii cÖeYZvI †ewk|
GUv
g‡b ivLv GKvš— Ri“wi †h, GBPAvBwf fvBivm Øviv Avµvš— e¨w³ †Kvb iKg j¶Y bv
_vK‡jI Avµvš— nIqvi ci †_‡KB Ab¨ e¨w³i g‡a¨ GB RxevYy Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡i|
HIV
msµwgZ n‡jI wb‡P DwjwLZ gva¨‡g Qovq bv t
GBWm †ivMxi mv‡_
‰`bw›`b mvaviY KvRKg© Ki‡j GBWm nIqvi †Kv‡bv m¤¢vebv †bB, †hgb-
1.
Avµvš— e¨w³i k¦vm-cÖk¦vm, nuvwP, Kvwk
ev _yZzi gva¨‡g;
2.
mvaviY †gjv‡gkv, Kig`©b, †KvjvKzwj
GKmv‡_ Mí Kiv ev Pjv †divi gva¨‡g;
3.
KxUcZ½, gvwQ I gkvi Kvg‡o;
4.
GKB evwo‡Z emevm,GKB weQvbvq Nygv‡j ev
GKB cvqLvbv e¨envi;
5.
GKB _vjv-evmb e¨envi, GKB Mv‡m cvwb ev
GKB Kv‡c Pv cvb Ki‡j;
6.
GBWm fvBivmgy³ I i³RvZ mvgMÖx MÖn‡Yi
gva¨‡g|
Gwkqvq
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v (Present
Situation of HIV/AIDS in Asia): Gwkqv Ges
c¨vwmwdK A‡j eZ©gv‡b 72 j¶ †jvK GBPAvBwf/GBWm †iv‡M Avµvš—| Gi g‡a¨ †KejgvÎ
2002 mvj 10 j¶ eq¯‹ Ges wkï bZzbfv‡e Avµvš— n‡q‡Q| MZ K‡qK eQ‡i GB A‡j Ae¯’vi
`ª“Z AebwZ N‡U‡Q|
Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡ji †Kvb †`kB
GBPAvBwf/GBWm †_‡K wbivc` bq| _vBj¨vÛ Ges K‡¤^vwWqvi gZ †`k¸‡jv‡Z beŸB `k‡Ki
cÖ_g w`K †_‡KB D”P nv‡i msµgY cwijw¶Z n‡q‡Q| Avevi Pxb I B‡›`v‡bwkqvi †Kvb †Kvb
¯’v‡b gnvgvix AvKv‡i msµgY cwijw¶Z n‡”Q|
Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡j †KejgvÎ 2002
m‡b cÖwZw`b 1200 †jvK GBWmRwbZ Kvi‡Y g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Q| †gvU evwl©K g„Zz¨i nvi
`uvwo‡q‡Q 43,500| GKB m‡½ cÖwZw`b M‡o cÖvq 2700 bZzb GBP AvBwf msµgY n‡”Q| Gi
gv‡b `uov‡”Q Gwkqv Ges c¨vwmwdK A‡j cÖwZ eQi cÖvq `k j¶ †jvK bZzbfv‡e GBP
AvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡”Q|
GBPAvBf/GBWm gnvgvix AwZ `ª“Z Qwo‡q
co‡Z cv‡i| Rbmvavi‡Yi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi wbgœnvi D”P SzuwKc~Y© †Mvôxi
gvivZ¥K gnvgvix‡K Av”Qvw`Z (†Mvcb) Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gwkqvq D”P SzuwKc~Y© †Mvôxi
D`vniY n‡”Q Zi“Y I wK‡kvi m¤cÖ`vq †hŠbKg©x I Zv‡`i L‡Ïi, †bkv MÖnYKvix, mgKvgx
cyi“l Pjgvb Rb‡Mvôx, c_ wkï †ewk| Px‡bi †Kvb †Kvb As‡k Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †bkv
MÖnY GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi nvi 70% Gi †ewk|
wewfbœ cÖ‡RKkb g‡Wj †_‡K cÖZxqgvb nq
†h, hw` cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg †Rv`vi bv Kiv nq Z‡e AvMvgx 2010 mv‡j `w¶Y I `w¶Y c~e©
Gwkqvq AviI GK †KvwU cuuPvwk j¶ †jvK GBPAvBwf Øviv Avµvš— nq| m¤cÖwZ wewfbœ w`K
wnmve K‡i Abygvb Kiv n‡”Q †h hw` cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi bv Kiv nq A_ev
cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg mdj bv nq Z‡e Z‡e AvMvgx 2010 mv‡j †Kej gvÎ Px‡b GK †_‡K †`o †KvwU
†jvK Ges fvi‡Z `yB AvovB †KvwU †jvK GBPAvBwf Øviv Avµvš— n‡e| Aek¨ Ri“wi wfwˇZ
M„nxZ Kvh©µg fwel¨‡Z A‡bK msµgY‡K †iva Ki‡Z cv‡i Ges GBWm gnvgvixi MwZ‡K w¯—wgZ
Ki‡Z cv‡i| e¨vcK cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g 69% msµgY cÖwZnZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
A_©©vr †m‡¶‡Î 2010 mv‡j bZzb AviI GK †KvwU cuPvwk j¶ msµg‡Yi cwie‡Z© †KejgvÎ
mvZvk j¶ bZzb msµgY n‡Z cv‡i| Kvh©Ki cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µ‡gi gva¨‡g GBPvvBwf
gnvgvix‡K `gb Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
evsjv‡`‡k
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v t evsjv‡`‡k GBWm RxevYy enbKvix msL¨v 7,500,
2004mvj ch©š— wbwðZ cix¶i wfwˇZ evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm G Avµv‡š—i msL¨v 465
Rb Ges GBWm-Gi j¶Y cÖKvk †c‡q‡Q 87 R‡bi g‡a¨| GQvov 2004 mvj ch©š— GBWm Avµvš—
g„Zz¨i msL¨v 44 Rb| evsjv‡`‡ki ga¨vs‡k
wkivq †bkvMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf RxevYyi cÖv`yf©ve cÖvq 4 kZvsk|
evsjv‡`‡k
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi we¯—vi t
fwel¨‡Z evsjv‡`‡k
GBP AvBwf/GBWm we¯—v‡ii m¤¢vebv Lye †ewk| Zvi KviY¸‡jv wb‡gœ †`Iqv n‡jv-
1.
cÖwZ‡ekx †`k¸‡jv‡Z GBPAvBwf/GBWm
msµg‡Yi D”Pnvi t fviZ-51 j¶ ( †gvU Rb‡Mvôxi cÖvq 1 kZvsk) _vBj¨vÛ cÖvq 12 j¶
(†gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 2 kZvsk) Ges gvqvbgvi 5 j¶ (†gvU Rb‡Mvôxi 1 n‡Z 2 kZvsk)|
2.
‡hŠbKg©x‡`i Øviv wbivc` †hŠb AvPiY †g‡b
bv P‡j (evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq 1 j¶ 20 nvRvi Rb †hŠbKg©x Av‡Q)|
3.
evsjv‡`‡k †hŠbKg©xiv cÖwZw`b we‡k¦i †h
†Kv‡bv †`‡ki †P‡q me„vwaK msL¨K Kvógv‡i m‡½ †hŠb K‡g© wjß (Mo cÖwZw`b cÖwZ
†hŠbKg©x 6-7 Rb Kvógvi wb‡q _v‡K)|
4.
‡hŠbKg©x Øviv KbW‡gi Kg e¨envi (2-4%)|
5.
mvaviY Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ KbW‡gi Kg e¨envi
|(kni GjvKvq 17.6% Ges MÖvg GjvKvq 6%)|
6.
we‡`‡k KvR Kivi Rb¨ hvIqv Avmv (cÖvq 74
nvRvi Rb evsjv‡`kx cÖwZ eQi we‡`‡k KvR Kivi Rb¨ hvq)|
7.
wkivq †bkMÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ 94%|
†bkvMÖnYKvixB wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ wmwiÄ fvMvfvwM K‡i e¨envi K‡ib| ( hv‡`i msL¨v cÖvq
28 nvRvi)|
8.
weevnc~e© Ges weevn ewnf~©Z Aiw¶Z †hŠb
m¤úK© (GKRix‡c †`Lv †M‡Q 69% UªvK WªvBfvi weevn c~e© Ges weevn ewnf~©Z †hŠb
m¤úK© K‡i _v‡K|
9.
cix¶v bv K‡i i³ MÖnY Kiv (cÖwZeQi 2 j¶
BDwbU i³ msMÖn Kiv nq| Gi g‡a¨ 70% ‡ckv`vi i³`vZv)|
10. GBPAvBwf
msµgY wKfv‡e nq Ges wKfv‡e cÖwZ‡iva Kiv hvq †h m¤ú‡K© bv Rvbv|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Dcvq t
GBWm-Gi
GLb ch©š— †Kv‡bv wPwKrmv †bB| ZvB, GBWm †_‡K euvPvi GKgvÎ Dcvq ‰`bw›`b Rxe‡b
mZK©Zv Aej¤^b Kiv| GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a †hme e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv hvq, Zv n‡jv-
1.
wbivc` †hŠb AvPiY Kivi gva¨‡g|
2.
‡hŠb wgj‡bi mgq wbqwgZ I mwVKfv‡e KbWg
e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g|
3.
cÖwZwU bvMwiK‡K eQ‡i GKevi GBP, AvB, wf
cix¶v Kiv|
4.
‡hŠb m¤ú‡K©i †¶‡Î ag©xq Abykvmb I
mvgvwRK ixwZbxwZ †g‡b Pjvi gva¨‡g|
5.
wbivc` i³ mÂvj‡bi gva¨‡g A-‡ckv`vi
i³`vZvi i³ MÖnY, GBPAvBwf msµwgZ Zv cix¶v Kiv Ges AcÖ‡qvRbxq i³ mÂvjb cwinvi
Kiv|
6.
cÖwZeviB bZzb m~uP I wmwiÄ e¨envi Kiv|
7.
Acv‡ik‡bi mKj hš¿cvwZ e¨env‡ii Av‡M
Aek¨B RxevYygy³ Kiv|
8.
GBPAvBwf msµwgZ gv‡qi mš—vb MÖn‡Yi †¶‡Î
Wv³v‡ii civgk©µ‡g e¨e¯’v †bIqv|
9.
bvix Ges cyi“‡li g‡a¨ ˆ`wnK m¤ú‡K©i
†¶‡Î ˆeaZv, wek¦¯—Zv I wbivcËv wbwðZ Kiv|
10. Avµvš—
e¨w³‡K `ª“Z wPwKrmv †K‡›`ª †bIqv|
11. evW
e¨vs‡K i³ wewµq Rb¨ †bkvMÖ¯—‡`i euvav †`Iqv|
12. ‡hŠbevwnZ
†iv‡M e¨w³i wPwKrmv I KvD‡Ýwjs Gi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv|
13. i³
mÂvj‡b wW¤ú‡Rej wmwiÄ e¨envi Kiv|
14. cÖPvi gva¨‡g eyw×Rxex‡`i GBWm Gi fqvenZv
m¤ú‡K© RbgZ M‡o †Zvjv|
15. GBPAvBwf/GBWm
Avµvš— e¨w³‡K KvD‡Ýwjs‡qi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡iva M‡o †Zvjv|
16. ‡hŠbv‡½
†Kv‡bv ¶Z ev Nv _vK‡j ¯^vgx-¯¿x A_ev †hŠb m½xmn `ª“Z wPwKrmvi e¨e¯’v †bIqv|
17. m‡PZbZv
e„w×i gva¨‡g wgwUs, wjd‡jU, †cv÷vi, gvBwKs, †mwgbvi, wm‡¤úvwRqvg, Av‡jvPbv mfv,
wUwf, †iwWI, wm‡bgv ¯vBW BZ¨vw`i gva¨‡g Z_¨ cÖ`vb|
18. cÖwZwU
wk¶v cÖwZôv‡b cÖZ¨n 10 wgwbU K‡i GBWm m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡bv|
19. ‡hŠbKg©x‡`i
KbWg e¨env‡i DrmvwnZ Kiv|
20.cwZZv cjx‡Z wkï
mš—vb‡`i Avjv`v ¯’v‡b wb‡q hvIqv|
A_©vr, GBWm
cÖwZ‡iva‡hvM¨ giYe¨vwa| GKgvÎ mZK©Zv Aej¤^‡bB cÖwZ‡iva m¤¢e|
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v
wb‡`©kbv :
K.
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v e¨e¯’vi cÖavb D‡Ïk¨
¯^v¯’¨Ki Rxeb e¨e¯’v `vwqZ¡c~Y© AvPiY Ges †ivM cÖwZ‡iva DØy× Kiv|
L.
mvgvwRK ¯^xK…wZ Ges Aciva I we‡f`
cÖwZnZ K‡i GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi SzuwK Kgv‡Z Ávb AR©b AvPi‡Yi cwieZ©b I `¶Zvi gva¨‡g
AR©b Kiv m¤¢e|
M.
GUv wkï Ges wK‡kviiv †hŠb¶g nIqvi c~‡e©
A_ev ¯‹zj †_‡K wQuU‡K covi c~‡e© WZ kxNÖ m¤¢e ïi“ Kiv ¸i“Z¡c~Y©|
N.
cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v Aek¨B mswkó wewfbœ
wefvM‡K Aš—f~©³ K‡i †Lvjv‡gjv Ges bgbxq n‡Z n‡e| m‡e©vcwi GBWm we¯—v‡i mnvqK
f~wgKv cvjbKvix cÖwZwU KviY †hgb †hŠb AvPiY †g‡q‡`i Ae¯’vb msL¨vjNy m¤cÖ`vq
†RÛvi Bmy¨ mvgvwRK Ges mvgvwRK I cvwievwiK Ae¯’v wk¶v `wi`ª mvgvwRK we‡f` †bkvi
Jl‡ai Ace¨envi Ges eÜz evÜe‡`i Pvc BZ¨vw` Aek¨B m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
O.
wk¶v cÖ`vbKvix e¨w³‡K †kvbv †kLv Ges
¸i“Z¡c~Y© wel‡q e³e¨ ivL‡Z mgZvmn †hvMv‡hvM Aek¨B `¶ n‡Z n‡e|
P.
Ab¨vb¨ †`k ev AÂj †_‡K fv‡jv
D`vniY¸‡jv‡K MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ wbR †`‡ki ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ms¯‹vi‡K Aek¨B g~j¨vqb
Ki‡Z n‡e|
Q.
AmvaviY wk¶v Kg©m~wP Gesq D”P SzuwKc~Y©
AvPiY †iv‡a we‡kl cÖqvm Aek¨B m„wó Ki‡Z n‡e|
R.
¯‹zj cÖPvi gva¨‡g AbvbyôvwbK †bUIqvK©
cÖf„wZi gva¨‡g cÖwZ‡ivag~jK wk¶v e¨e¯’v‡K kw³kvjx Ki‡Z n‡e|
S.
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg †kªYxK‡¶
mxgve× ivL‡j n‡e bv| G‡`i cvV¨m~wP Ges cvV¨m~wPi ewnfy©³ Kvh©µg †hgb- hye
K¨v¤ú, †cmvi GWy‡Kkb, w_‡qUvi (bvU¨gÂ) wk¶v cÖ`k©bx cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges †LjAayjvi
m¤ú„³ Ki‡Z n‡e|
T. RxbgyLx
wk¶v Kvh©µg †Rvi`vi Ki‡Z n‡e|
wbgœwjwLZ Rb‡Mvôx
we‡klfv‡e SzuwKc~Y© t
1.
wK‡kvi Ges Zi“Y m¤cÖ`vqt
Giv GBP AvBwf/GBWm welqK Z_¨ I cÖwZ‡iva †mev †_‡K ewÂZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y cÖvq
SuywKc~Y© †hŠb AvPiY I †bgv RvZxq `ªe¨ MÖnY K‡i _v‡K|
2.
evwjKv Ges Aí eq¯‹ gwnjvt
Zviv cÖvqB wk¶v †_‡K ewÂZ nq| AwZ Aí eq‡m we‡q n‡q hvq Ges †hŠb wgj‡bi mgq
Zv‡`i m½x‡`i KbWg e¨env‡i eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv|
3.
fvmgvb Rb‡Mvôx t Zviv
cÖvqB wb‡Ri cwievi cwiRb Ges mvgvwRK eÜb wcQ‡b †d‡j Av‡m d‡j cÖvqB GKvwK‡Z¡i
Kvi‡Y †hŠb Kg©x‡`i mv‡_ †hŠb wgj‡b eva¨ nq Giv †h kn‡i hvq †mLv‡bB cªvqB Zv‡`i
†Kvb eÜz ev mvnvh¨Kvix bv _vKvq mn‡RB †hŠb SzuwKi wkKvi nq|
4.
‡bkvi Jla MÖnYKvix Rb‡Mvôx t we‡klfv‡e
hLb GKB m~uP GKvwaK e¨w³ e¨envi K‡i A_ev †bkv `ªe¨ ev A‡_©i Rb¨ Awbivc` †hŠb
wgj‡b iZ nq|
5.
‡hŠb Kg©x Ges Zv‡`i L‡Ïi t †h‡nZz
†hŠb Kg©x‡`i A‡bK †hŠb m½x _v‡K Ges Zv‡`i A‡bK‡KB Zviv mgqgZ †hŠb wgj‡b KbWg
e¨env‡i eva¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv d‡j A‡bK L‡Ïi GBP AvBwf/GBWm Øviv msµwgZ nq Ges Zv‡`i
Ab¨vb¨ †hŠb m½x‡`iI msµwgZ K‡i|
6.
mvgvwRK †hŠb RvwZMZ Ges ag©xq msL¨vjNy
m¤cÖ`vqt Zv‡`i wbR¯^ ms¯‹…wZ m¤ú‡K© †Kv‡bv Ávb I
`¶Zv _v‡K bv| Zviv cÖvqB g‡b K‡i g~j avivi ms¯‹…wZ KZ…©K Zv‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
cÖwZ‡iva cÖ‡Póvi Zv‡`i wel‡q D‡cw¶Z n‡”Q|
7.
c_ wkï Kg©Rxex wkï Ges we`¨gvb ewnf~©Z
wkït GBPAvBwf/GBWm msµvgY †_‡K wKfv‡e wb‡R‡`i i¶v Ki‡Z nq G
e¨vcv‡i Ávb I `¶Zv Zv‡`i bvMv‡ji evB‡i _v‡K| myZivs GBP AvBwf msµg‡Yi m¤¢vebv
Kwg‡q Avbvi A_© n‡”Q msµgY cÖwZ‡iv‡ai RbM‡Yi ¶gZv e„w× Kiv|
cwi‡k‡l
ejv hvq †h, hw` cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg mdj nq Zvn‡j gnvgvix‡K `gb Kiv m¤¢e, _vBj¨vÛ
Ges K‡¤^vwWqv B‡Zvg‡a¨ cÖgvY K‡i‡Q †h GKwU kw³kvjx Ges †K›`ªf~Z Kvh©µg
gnvgvix‡K `gb Ki‡Z cv‡i| Z‡e gnvgvix e¨vcKfv‡e we¯—vi jvf Kivi c~‡e©B GB Kvh©µg
MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| _vBj¨v‡Ûi cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µ‡gi Avw_©K m”QjZv ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv
Kvh©µ‡gi e¨vcKZvi j¶ j¶ Rxeb evuwP‡q‡Q, bZzb GBPAvBwf msµgY 1991 mv‡jb GK j¶
†ZZvwjk nvRvi †_‡K 2001 mv‡j DbwÎk nvRv‡i bvwg‡q G‡b‡Q| hw` Kvh©µg cÖwZ‡iva
e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv nq Z‡e Gwkqv I c¨vwmwdK A‡j `ª“Z MwZ‡Z GBPAvBwf/GBWm Qwo‡q
co‡e| hvi cwiYwZ n‡e gvivZ¥K|
6.22.3 ¯^v¯’¨
Lv‡Z GBWm-Gi †bwZevPK f~wgKv
The
threat AIDS Poses to pablic Health
hy³iv‡óª
GBWm-Gi Kvi‡Y 3 j¶ †jvK g„Zz¨eiY K‡i| Z‡e GUv n‡”Q mgy‡`ª fvmgvb GKwU eid
cvnv‡oi Dc‡ii Dcmgvš— gvÎ| KviY g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e G‡`i A‡bK¸Y †ewk hy³iv‡óªi
Awaevmx GBPAvBwf †iv‡M Avµvš— Z`ycwi A‡b‡KB hviv GBPAvBwf †iv‡M Avµvš— Zv‡`i
g‡a¨ GB †iv‡Mi j¶Y bvI †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| Zviv mv”Q‡›`¨ mevi mv‡_ wg‡k †eov‡”Q|
A‡b‡KB wb‡R‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf mbv³ Ki‡Z cvi‡jI Gi j¶Y Lye GKv cÖ‡Kvc bv nIqvi
Kvi‡Y ¯^vfvweK Rxeb hvcb K‡i hvq| Z‡e GB ai‡bi †jvKR‡bi 70-75 kZvsk e„w× cieZ©x
ch©v‡q GKRb cwic~Y© GBWm †ivMx‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| A‡b‡KB g‡b K‡ib, G‡`i 100 fvMB
c~Y© GBWm †ivMx‡Z Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| mnR K_v †`‡ki GKwU weivU Ask GB †iv‡M Avµvš—
n‡Z cv‡i| GBWm ïaygvÎ hy³iv‡óªiB ¯^v¯’¨ mgm¨v bq| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi mv‡eK
gnvcwiPvj‡Ki g‡Z, GBWm †ivMwU w`b w`b Avq‡Z¡i evB‡i P‡j hv‡”Q| wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb,
2000 mv‡ji g‡a¨B c„w_ex‡Z GBWm †ivMxi msL¨v 12 †KvwU‡Z `uvov‡e| DMvÛv Ges
wR¤^vey‡qi g‡Zv A‡bK †`k Zv‡`i RbmsL¨v 4 fv‡Mi 1 fvM nviv‡Z em‡e Ges e„nËi †hŠb
wk‡íi Kvi‡Y Gwkqvi A‡bK †`‡kI GB †iv‡Mi msµg‡Yi m¤§yLxb|
GBWm Avµvš— e¨w³‡K N„Yv ev ˆelg¨ Kiv
DwPZ bq †Kb?
Why not the AIDS affected will be hated or avoid?
GBPAvBwf
Avµvš— e¨w³‡K N„bv ev ˆelg¨ Kiv DwPZ bq| Avµvš— e¨w³‡K Avgiv N„Yv I ‰elg¨ Ki‡Z
cvwi bv, eis gnvbyf~wZi nvZ cÖk¯— Ki‡Z cvwi| †Kbbv-
cÖ_gZ,
†KD hw` KL‡bv Amy¯’ W‡q hvq Zvn‡j Avgiv Zv‡K Mvj g›` Kwi bv, eis Zvi cÖwZ
mnvbyf~wZi nvZ evwo‡q †`B|
wØZxqZ,
GBWm †Quvqv‡P bq, Kv‡RB wZwb †Zv KvD‡K Zv Qwo‡q w`‡PQb bv|
Z…ZxqZ,
Zvi cÖwZ N„Yv ev ˆelg¨ †`Lv‡j wZwb Avµv‡š—i welqwU †Mvcb K‡i hv‡eb Ges cÖKvk bv
Kivi Kvi‡Y nq‡Zv h_vh_ e¨e¯’v MÖnY bv K‡i Zvi K…ZK‡g©i gva¨‡g Ab¨ Kv‡iv g‡a¨ Zv
Qwo‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib|
PZz_©Z,
Avµvš— e¨w³‡`i cÖwZ N„Yv I ˆelg¨ _vK‡j B”QvK…Zfv‡e GBPAvBwf †U÷ Kiv‡Z ivwR n‡eb
bv, ZLb †KB Rvb‡Z cvi‡e bv Zvi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf Av‡Q wKbv| d‡j GBPAvBwf wbqš¿Y Kiv
LyeB KwVb n‡q hv‡e|
cÂgZ,
GBPAvBf ev †h †Kv‡bv †ivM RxevYy ˆbwZK ev A‰bwZK welq †ev‡S bv| GBPAvBwf †h
KvD‡K Avµvš— Ki‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv wbwðZ K‡i KvD‡K ej‡Z cvwi bv †h †m A‰bwZKfv‡e
GBPAvBf †c‡q‡Q|
lôZ,
GBPAvBwfi Kvi‡Y GKRb evj‡KB gviv hv‡eb bv, eis m„wóKZ©v PvB‡j GBPAvBwf wb‡qI
wZwb eû eQi Kg©¶g _vK‡Z cvi‡eb| Kv‡RB wZwb †h †ckvq Av‡Qb †mLv‡b †_‡K wZwb
cwievi Z_v mgv‡Ri Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| Avi gviv †Zv Avgiv GKw`b mevB hve| ïay
GBPAvBwfi Kvi‡Y GUv g‡b Kiv DwPZ bv †h, wZwb Avgvi Av‡M gviv hv‡eb|
6.22.5 †iv‡Mi
wek¦vqb
The
Globalization of Disease
GBWm-Gi
hvÎv ïi“ nq A¶Z †Kv‡bv GjvKvi cÖL¨vZ †ivM wn‡m‡e| hw` †Kv‡bv A¶Z GjvKv‡ZB
mxgve× _vKZ Zvn‡j nvRvi eQi nq‡Zv †m Zvi GjvKv wfwËK ivR¯^ mevi m‡½B Pvwj‡q
†hZ| †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi wek¦vq‡bi mv‡_ GB †iv‡MiI wek¦vqb N‡U hvq| Z‡e wPwKrm‡`i
evowZ Avk¯‹vi welq n‡”Q †h, GBWm-Gi †P‡qI Av‡iv A‡bK fqsKi †Kv‡bv wivM wb‡Ri
†QvULvU GjvKv †Q‡o mviv we‡k¦ `ª“Z Qwo‡q A‡bK cÖvY msnvi Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb-
hv‡q‡ei g‡Zv †`‡k G½yjv fvBiv‡mi cÖv`yf©ve| Z‡e hvB †nvK †Kv‡bv g‡Z GB GjvKvi
Dci cy‡ivcywi wb‡lavÁv Rvix K‡i GB †iv‡Mi Dci K‡Vvi wbqš¿Y Avbv nq| Aš—Z GB
mg‡qi Rb¨| GiKg A‡bK †ivM Av‡Q hv GBWm-Gi †P‡qI `ª“Z Qov‡Z cv‡i| †hgb- evW© d¬z
†ivM| G iKg 1918 mv‡j nVvr K‡ GK ai‡bi d¬z †`Lv †`q hvi cÖv`y©v‡ei ci ciB AvovB
†KvwU †jv‡Ki g„Zy¨ N‡U| Z‡e ZLb †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’v †Zgb DbœZ wQj bv| eZ©gvb hy‡M
wKš‘ GKwU bZzb fvBivm GK mßv‡ni g‡a¨ mviv c„w_ex‡Z Qwo‡q †h‡Z cv‡i Ges 1gv‡mi
g‡a¨B kZ‡KvwU †jvK g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Z cv‡i|
6.22.6 GBWm- wek¦
cwiw¯’wZ
AIDS
World Condition
BDGb GBWm cÖKvwkZ
4_© Ô‡Mvevj wi‡cvU© Ab GBWm Gwc‡WwgKÕ Abyhvqx 2004 mv‡j 4.9 wgwjqb †jvK
bZzbfv‡e GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| AvbygvwbK 39.4 wgwjqb †jvK eZ©gv‡b GBPAvBwf
msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| ïay 2004 mv‡jB g„Zz¨eiY K‡i‡Q 3.1 wgwjqb †jvK| mv¤cÖwZK eQi¸‡jv‡Z
gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ msµgY h‡_ó †e‡o‡Q| 1997 mv‡j GBP AvBwf msµwgZ‡`i 41% wQj gwn‡jv;
2002 mv‡j Zv †e‡o n‡q‡Q 50%| bvix-cyi“‡li †hŠb wgjbB GBPAvBwf msµgY we¯—v‡ii
KviY wn‡m‡e kx‡l© i‡q‡Q| †hme †`‡k we‡kl Rb‡Mvôx †hgb WªvM e¨enviKvix, fvmgvb
Rb‡Mvôx Ges Kvive›`x‡`i g‡a¨ Nbxf~Z AvKv‡i GBPAvBwf gnvgvix Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q †mme
†`‡kI gwnjv‡`i g‡a¨ msµg‡Yi nvi D‡jL‡hvM¨|
Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k GBWm-Gi wP‡Ë AZ¨š—
fqven| G gnv‡`‡ki 16wU †`‡ki 15 †_‡K 49 eQi eq‡mi RbmsL¨vi `kfv‡Mi GK fvMB
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš—| `w¶Y Avwd«Kv‡Z we‡k¦i me‡P‡q GBPAvBwf/GBWm †ivMx i‡q‡Q|
Gwkqv gnv‡`‡ki cÖvq 70 jvL gvbyl GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš—| K‡¤^vwWqv, gvqvbgvi
_vBj¨vÛ Ges fvi‡Zi K‡qKwU cÖ‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi cÖ‡Kvc †ewk| GBPAvBwf/GBWm
kZKiv 90 fvMB Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦i|
gwnjv t we‡k¦ eZ©gv‡b 15-49 eQi eqmx 1
†KvwU 54 j¶ gwnjv GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš—| GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avµvš— nIqvi †¶‡Î
gwnjvivB †ewk SzuwKc~Y©| Gi Ab¨Zg KviY gwnjv‡`i wbgœ Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb| ˆ`wnK
wgj‡bi gva¨‡g gwnjv †_‡K cyi“‡li Zzjbvq, cyi“l †_‡K gwnjvi Avµvš— nIqvi SuywK
wZb¸b †ewk| Rix‡c †`Lv †M‡Q Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡k Zi“Y‡`i Zzjbvq Zi“Yx‡`i
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš— nIqvi SuywK †ewk| gwnjv‡`i mvgvwRK I A_©‰bwZK SuywK
†ewk| M„n cÖavb hw` GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš— nq ev gviv hvq, †m‡¶‡Î cwiev‡ii
A_©‰bwZK `vwqZ¡ gwnjv‡`i enb Ki‡Z nq| cwiev‡ii ¯^vgx, cyÎ, fvB ev Ab¨ cyi“l
m`m¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm-G Avµvš— n‡j cwiev‡ii †g‡qiv Zv‡`i cwiPh©v K‡i| wKš‘ gwnjviv
GBPAvBwf/GBWm †ivMx †ewki fvM †¶‡ÎB cwiev‡ii wbM„nxZ nq|
wkï,
wK‡kvi I Zi“Y t we‡k¦ G ch©š— GBWm-Gi Kvi‡Y †gvU
g„Zz¨i msL¨v cÖvq 2 †KvwU 18 j¶| G‡`i g‡a¨ wkï n‡”Q 43 j¶| cÖwZw`b cÖvq 16
nvRvi gvbyl GBPAvBwf-‡Z Avµvš— n‡”Q| G‡`i kZKiv 10 fvMB Ab~aŸ© 15 eqmx| G ch©š—
30 j¶ wkï GBP AvBwf c‡RwUf wb‡q Rb¥MÖnY K‡i‡Q Ges G ch©š— 80 jvL wkïi gv GBWm
Gi Kvi‡Y gviv †M‡Q| 2010 mvj bvMv` Dbœqbkxj we‡k¦ cÖvq 4 †KvwU wkï gvZ…nxb A_ev
wcZ…nxb n‡e A_ev gv-evev Dfq AwffveK‡K nviv‡e| eZ©gv‡b wK‡kvi I Zi“Y eqmx A_©vr
15 †_‡K 24 eQi eqmx RbmsL¨vi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm `ª“Z we¯—vi jvf K‡i‡Q| cÖwZw`b
bZzb Avµvš— 16 nvRv‡ii g‡a¨ cÖvq A‡a©KB 15 †_‡K 24 eQi eqmx RbmsL¨v|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-
AvÂwjK cwiw¯’wZ t Gwkqv A‡j AvbygvwbK 7.4 wgwjqb †jvK
GBPAvBwf wb‡q emevm Ki‡Q| 2003 mv‡j cÖvq 0.5 wgwjqb †jvK G A‡j g„Zz¨eiY Ki‡Q Ges
cÖvq 1.1 wgwjqb †jvK bZzb K‡i GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| Gwkqv A‡ji fviZ I Px‡b
GBPAvBwf gnvgvix AvKvi aviY Ki‡Q| 2004 mv‡j AvbygvwbK 4.6 wgwjqb †jvK fvi‡Z
GBPAvBwf msµwgZ wQj| Gi wewk msµgY N‡U‡Q †hŠb cÖwµqvq, Z‡e †bkv MÖnYKvix‡`i
g‡a¨ B‡RKk‡i gva¨‡g wKQz GBPAvBwf msµwgZ n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Z `w¶Y c~e© A‡ji gwbcyi I
bv`©vj¨v‡Û Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †bkv MÖnYKvix‡`i 60-70% GBPAvBwf msµwgZ hviv
A‡kvwaZ wmwiÄ e¨envi K‡i| `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvi wZbwU †`k K‡¤^vwWqv, gvqvbgvi Ges
_vBj¨vÛ mwZ¨Kvi A‡_© GBWm gnvgvix †gvKv‡ejv Ki‡Q| K‡¤^vwWqv RvZxqfv‡e GBPAvBwf
msµg‡Yi gvÎv cÖvq 3% hv Gwkqvi g‡a¨ me‡P‡q †ewk| 2003 mv‡ji AvbygvwbK wnmve
Abyhvqx gvqvbgv‡i GBPAvBwf msµvwgZ †jv‡Ki msL¨v 3 j¶ 30 nvRvi|
GBPAvBwf/GBWmt
wek¦ cwiwl&_wZ I evsjv‡`kt
Avgv‡`i cÖwZ‡ekx †`k fviZ I gvqvbgvimn Pxb, K‡¤^vwWqv,
B‡›`v‡bwkqv, wf‡qZbvg, †bcvj Ges _vBj¨v‡ÛI GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi e¨vcK we¯—…wZ j¶¨
Kiv hv‡”Q| GBWm GgbB gvivZœK I fqven †h, GwU gvby‡li cÖZ¨vwkZ Avqy¯‹vj Kwg‡q
†`q I †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK AMÖMwZ‡K evavMÖ¯— K‡i| GBWm gvbemf¨Zv Ges Gi µgvMZ Dbœq‡bi
c‡_ Ab¨Zg euvav|
2007
mv‡ji †kl Aewa we‡k¦ GBPAvBwf/GBWm Avµvš— †jv‡Ki msL¨v wQj 33.3 wgwjqb| eZ©gv‡b
we‡¤^ cÖwZw`b cÖvq 11.000 gwnjv I cyi“l GBP AvBwf‡Z Avµvš— n‡”Q| GBPAvBwf/GBWm
Avµvš— †jv‡Ki msL¨v µgvš^‡q †e‡oB P‡j‡Q|
UNAIDS 2007-Gi Z_¨ Abyhvqx c„w_exe¨vcx cÖwZ eQi bZzbfv‡e GBPAvBwf
Avµvš—‡`i A‡a©KB n‡”Q 25 eQ‡i Kg eqmx wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix, hyeK-hyeZx| Gi KviY Zv‡`i
kvixwiK cwieZ©b I eq‡mi Av‡eM| GQvov Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi wewfbœ KviY, †hgb-wk¶v
my‡hv‡Mi Afve, ¯^v¯’¨ †mev my‡hv‡Mi Afve I Avw_©K Amvg_¨© we‡k¦i `wi`ª †`kmg~‡ni
Aí eqmx Rb‡Mvôx‡K GBPAvBwf msµg‡Y SzuwKc~Y© K‡i †Zv‡j|
evsjv‡`‡kI
GBPAvBwf/GBWm-Gi cÖv`yf©ve n‡q‡Q| Z‡e, mvaviY Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ GwU GL‡bv gvivZ¥K
AvKvi aviY K‡iwb| wKš‘ GKB m~Pu I wmwiÄ GKvwaK e¨w³ KZ…©K e¨env‡i gva¨‡g
gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnYKvix‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµg‡Yi nvi gnvgvix ch©v‡q †cuŠ‡P‡Q| G ai‡Yi
gv`K`ªe¨ MÖnYKvix‡`i GKwU eo AskB n‡”Q †`‡ki wK‡kvi I hye mgvR| evsjv‡`‡k
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cwiw¯’wZ mvgwMÖKfv‡e gvivZ¥K AvKvi avib bv Ki‡jI wek¦ cwiw¯’wZ,
we‡kl K‡i AvÂwjK cwiw¯’wZi Kvi‡Y Avgv‡`i G wel‡q wbw¯Œq _vKvi †Kv‡bv AeKvk †bB|
2007 mv‡j cÖvß miKvwi Z_¨ Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf msµvwgZ e¨w³i msL¨v cÖvq
7500| GB Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z Avgv‡`i GLbB mZK© n‡Z n‡e Ges GBPAvBwf cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
Dcvq¸‡jv h_vh_fv‡e †g‡b Pj‡Z n‡e|
evsjv‡`‡ki
gZ GKwU Dbœqbkxj †`‡ki weivRgvb Av_©-mvgvwRK KvVv‡gv‡Z bvixi `~e©j Ae¯’vb,
cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ wk¶vi Afve, Aí eq‡m we‡q, cyi“‡li AvwacZ¨, bvix cyi“‡li m¤ú‡K©i
†¶‡Î bvix‡`i †MŠY f~wgKv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y cyi“‡li Zzjbvq bvixiv G‡`‡k GBPAvBwf
msµg‡Yi †¶‡Î AwaKZi SuywKc~Y© Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm
cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ GKwU Kvh©Ki Kg©m~wP MÖnY Kivi GLbB h_v_© mgq| bZzev Aí mg‡qi
g‡a¨B evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf cÖv`yf©v‡ei (Prevalence)
nvi AZ¨š— D”PgvÎv aviY Ki‡e Ges Gi wbqš¿b KwVb n‡e|
6.22.7 GBWm I
evsjv‡`k
AIDS
and Bangladesh
GKwesk kZvãxi
cÖvi‡š— AvR we‡k¦i gvby‡li giYe¨vwa wn‡m‡e GBWm me‡P‡q †ewk D”PvwiZ n‡”Q| G
e¨vwai nvZ †_‡K euvP‡Z wek¦ AvR kw¯‹Z| gvbe mf¨Zv‡K aŸsm K‡i w`‡Z GBWm nvbv
w`‡”Q cÖwZwbqZ| mf¨Zvi µgweKvk‡K e„×v½yj †`wL‡q µgea©gvb nv‡i Qwo‡q co‡Q NvZK
e¨vwa¸‡jv| †Zgwb GK cÖvYNvwZ e¨vwa GBWm| fqven G GBWm gvbe mf¨Zv‡K ïay wecbœ
Ki‡Q bv, gvbe Aw¯—‡Z¡i cÖwZI ûgwK †`Lv †`q evi evi| 1989 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k me©cÖ_g
GBWm †ivMevnx wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kiv nq| 1995 mvj ch©š— GBPAvBwf Avµv‡š—i msL¨v 15-20
R‡bi g‡a¨ _vK‡jI eZ©gv‡b G msL¨v Avk¼vRbK| 2003 mvj ch©š— GBPAvBwf Avµv‡š—i
msL¨v miKvixfv‡e 363 Rb| hw`I ejv n‡”Q 30 nvRv‡iiI †ewk evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwfevnx
†ivMx i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf-i Avµv‡š—i msL¨v
wewk nIqvi GKgvÎ KviY cÖwZ‡ekx fviZ| fvi‡Z cÖwZ 100 Rb Z_¨vbymv‡i Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e
evsjv‡‡ki cwiw¯’wZ †gvUvgywU fvj| GLv‡b 3 nvRvi eq¯‹ gvby‡li g‡a¨ gvÎ 1 R‡bi
†`‡n GBPAvBwf fvBivm i‡q‡Q|
1998 mvj †_‡K Rvbv hvq, D”PgvÎvq
SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ msµg‡Yi nvi Av‡Mi PvB‡Z evo‡Q| d‡j †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ gvby‡li
g‡a¨I G fvBivm `ª“Z Qwo‡q covi SuywK i‡q‡Q| cÖK…Z cÖ¯—v‡e fq¯‹i Z_¨ n‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k
Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g gv`K‡mex‡`i AwZ 1k R‡bi g‡a¨ 2 R‡bi †`‡n GBPAvBwf fvBivm
c‡RwUf i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k RvZxq GBWm KwgwUi †m‡µUvix
Wvt bRi“j Bmjvg welqwU we‡klY K‡i e‡jb 1980 mv‡j _vBj¨v‡Ûi Bb‡RwUs gv`K
e¨enviKvix‡`i g‡a¨ msµg‡Yi nvi 2 kZvsk †_‡K 4 kZvsk jvwd‡q I‡V gvÎ 1 eQi mg‡q,
`ª“Z MwZ‡Z Qwo‡q covi KviY n‡”Q gv`K †mexi m~uP I wmwiÄ ci¯ú‡ii g‡a¨ fvMvfvwM
K‡i e¨envi Kiv| ev¯—‡e evsjv‡`‡ki kZKiv 77 fv‡MiI †ewk gv`K‡mex GB PP©v K‡i
_v‡K|
m¤cÖwZ evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq GBWm cÖwZ‡iva
I wbqš¿b Kg©m~Px Ges BD, Gb, GBWm I GBWm mswkó RvwZmsN ms¯’vi A½msMV‡bi
mn‡hvwMZvq evsjv‡`‡ki Avš—R©vwZK D`ivgq M‡elYv †K›`ª G Rwic KvRwU cwiPvjbv
K‡i‡Q| G Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g gv`K‡mex, cwZZv Ges mgKvgx cyi“l‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf fvBivm
msµg‡Yi nvi AbymÜvb Kiv nq| †`‡ki bRie›`x, m‡›`nfvRb‡`i ga¨ †_‡K KZ `ª“Z fvBivm
Qov‡”Q Zv LwZ‡q †`Lv n‡”Q GB Rwi‡ci gva¨‡g| G Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvix M‡elK W. Zvmwbg
AvwR‡gi g‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki AwaKvsk kn‡ii eo eo cwZZvj‡q 1k †hŠbRxex bvixi g‡a¨ 1 Rb
GBPAvBwf fvBivm Avµvš—| Aciw`‡K fvmgvb cwZZv hviv cwZZv cjxi evB‡i †_‡K †`n
e¨emv Pvjvq Zv‡`i g‡a¨I kZKiv 1 fvM GBPAvBwf c‡RwUf Avµvš—|
GQvov, G fvBiv‡mi mÜvb AviI wKQz
MÖ“‡ci g‡a¨ cvIqv †M‡Q hviv A_©‰bwZK Af¨vm Af¨¯— e‡j cwiwPZ, †hgb †hŠb †ivM
wPwKrmvi wK¬wb‡Ki †ivMxiv Ges cyi“‡li mv‡_ †hŠbK‡g© Af¨¯— cyi“liv|
‡Kqvi evsjv‡`‡ki †mŠR‡b¨ W. K¨v‡ivj
†RbwKÝ G Rwi‡ci mv‡_ KvR K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi aviYv, evsjv‡`‡k GBWm gnvgvixi cÖvš—
mxgvq G‡m `uvwo‡q‡Q| Gb‡RKwUs gv`K‡mex‡`i g‡a¨ fvBivm `ª“Z Qov‡”Q, G Avk¼v e¨³
K‡i wZwb e‡jb, ïay ZvB bq G Rwi‡c ÔwmwdwjmÕ Gi msµgY evovq gvivZ¥K Z_¨I i‡q‡Q|
m‡›`nfvRb wewfbœ MÖ“‡c †`Lv †M‡Q 22 kZvs‡ki †ewk wmwdwj‡m Avµvš—| GUv D‡Ø‡Mi
KviY| wmwdwj‡mi QvovI ¶Z w`‡q GBPAvBwf fvBivm Aejxjvq GKRb †_‡K Av‡iKR‡bi †`‡n
Xy‡K †h‡Z cv‡i| wmwdwjm QvovI †hŠb‡ivM M‡bvwiqv Ges Chancroid Gi Kvi‡Y †`‡n
¶‡Zi m„wó nq, hvi ga¨ w`‡q GBPAvBwf msµgY mnR|
W. †RbwK‡Ýi g‡Z, cwZZv cjxi 10 R‡bi
g‡a¨ 8 Rb †hŠbRxex bvix Ges fvmgvb cwZZv †g‡q‡`i AwaKvskB †hŠb‡ivM (STD) Avµvš—| evsjv‡`‡k 1 jvL 20
nvRvi †hŠbRxex bvix Av‡Q| GI`i cÖ‡Z¨K M‡o eQ‡i 1 nvRvi L‡Ïi‡K †mev †`q| G
Ae¯’vq we‡klÁiv mZ©KevYx D”PviY K‡i e‡jb, evsjv‡`k‡K AvNvZ Kivi Rb¨ GBPAvBwf
fvBivm hLb Iur †c‡Z Av‡Q gvÎ| STD ‡hŠb‡ivMx
mgKvgx cyi“l‡`i g‡a¨ Kg n‡jI Zv B‡Zvg‡a¨ 50 kZvsk †cuŠ‡Q †M‡Q| Bb‡RKwUs gv`K
e¨enviKvix‡`i msL¨vI GKB| Z‡e we‡klfv‡e fvevi welq UªvKjwi PvjK‡`i wb‡q, hviv
wbqwgZ cwZZv cjx‡Z hvZvqvZ K‡i, Zv‡`i g‡a¨ STD
Gi msµg‡Yi msL¨v 30 kZvsk| G wnmve QvovI †`Lv †M‡Q, cwZZv
cjx‡Kw›`ªK †hŠbRxex †g‡q‡`i 14 R‡bi g‡a¨ 1 Rb g‡b K‡i †h, Zvi GBP AvBwf Avµvš—
nIqvi SuywK i‡q‡Q| Z‡e fvmgvb cwZZv †g‡qiv wec` m¤ú‡K© †ewk m‡PZb, cÖwZ 5 R‡bi
g‡a¨ 1 Rb G SuywK m¤ú‡K© m‡PZb| Z‡e me‡P‡q wec¾bK Ae¯’vq i‡q‡Q hviv cvqyc_ w`‡q
ÔKbWgÕ Qvov †hŠbK‡g© Af¨¯—| G ai‡bi mgKvgx cyi“l‡`i gvÎ kZvsk g‡b K‡i Zv‡`i Rxeb D”PgvÎvq Suywi g‡a¨
i‡q‡Q|
W. K¨v‡ij †RbwK‡Ýi g‡Z, †emiKvix
ms¯’vi (NGO)
GBPAvBwf GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~Pxi AvIZvq wKQz wKQz cwZZv cjx‡Z KbWg e¨env‡ii
cÖwZ m‡PZb Kivi KvR Kiv n‡”Q| wKš‘ †`Lv †M‡Q, Avq K‡g hvIqvi Avk¼vq cwZZ †g‡qiv
Zvi L‡Ïi‡K ÔKbWgÕ e¨envi m¤ú‡K© ej‡Z mvnm cvq bv|
evsjv‡`‡k GBWm
cÖwZ‡iv‡a RvZxq D‡`¨vM t
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡ivaK‡í miKvi MVb
K‡i‡Qb RvZxq GBWm KwgwU, hvi c„ô‡cvlKZvq i‡q‡Qb evsjv‡`‡ki gnvgvb¨ evóªcwZ
¯^qs| RvZxq GBWm KwgwU‡K mnvqZvi Rb¨ i‡q‡Q GKwU †UKwbK¨vj KwgwU| RvZxq ch©v‡q
wewfbœ †¶‡Î we‡klÁ e¨w³MY G KwgwUi m`m¨| 1987 mv‡j evsjv‡`k miKvi cÖ_g
GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡ib Ges 1989 mv‡j 3 eQi †gqv`x ga¨eZ©x cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Kiv nq| G cwiKíbvi AvIZvq 1990 mv‡j GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wPi m~Pbv nq|
1994-96 mv‡j BDGbwWwcÕi A_©vq‡b GBP AvBwf/GBWm Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| G mgq
GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kg©m~Pxi Rb¨ Acwinvh© RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW †cÖvMÖvg Gi hvÎv ïi“ nq|
1997 mv‡j wbivc` i³ cwimÂvjb welqK RvZxq †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv nq| G ch©š— hviv †`‡k
98wU wbivc` i³ cwimÂvjb †K›`ª Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q †hLv‡b GBPAvBwf, wmwdwjm, I
†hŠb‡ivM welqK bxwZgvjv gš¿xcwil` KZ…©K Aby‡gvw`Z nq| 1997-2002 mv‡ji Rb¨ cÖ_g
RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv cÖYqb Kiv nq| bZzb Avw½‡K 1998 mv‡j RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW
Kg©m~wP mwµq Kvh©µg ïi“ K‡i|
RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW
†cÖvMÖvg (GbG Gm wc) t
GBPAvBwf/GBWm I †hŠb‡ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡ai
†¶‡Î HNPSP-Gi AvIZvq
†emiKvix ms¯’v I Dbœqb mn‡hvMx‡`i mv‡_ Askx`vwiZ¡ Ges my-m¤úK© m„wói gva¨‡g
miKvi D‡Ï¨vMx f~wgKv MÖnY K‡ib| miKv‡ii RvZxq GBWm/GmwUwW †cÖvMÖvg †`ke¨vcx
miKvix wefvM Ges †emiKvwi I †¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’v¸‡jv mgš^‡q GbGGmwc mgš^q KwgwU MVb
Ki‡e| mvifvBj¨vÝmn Kg©m~wU gwbUi, g~j¨vqb Gg AvB Gm Ges cÖKí cÖwZ‡e`b cÖYqb
GbGGmwcÕi Aš—fy©³ | GbGGmwc Avw_©K e¨e¯’vcbv, m¤ú` AvniY I `vZv‡K Aby`vb cÖvwßi
†¶‡ÎI mwµq i‡q‡Q mKj mn‡hvMx Kg©m~Px ev¯—evqbKvix cÖwZôvb‡K Z_¨ I ev¯—em¤§Z
jvMmB Ávb I `¶Zv cÖ`v‡b GbGGmwc memgq m‡Pó|
G ch©š— AwR©Z mvdj¨ t G ch©š— cÖwZ‡iv‡a
RvZxqfv‡e AwR©Z wKQ~ mvdj¨ wb‡gœ D‡jL Kiv n‡jv-
1985 mv‡j RvZxq GBWm KwgwU MVb Kiv nq;
1994-95 mv‡j BDGbwcwcÕi mnvqZvq
GBPAvBwf/GBWm Kg©m~wP Pvjy Kiv nq;
1997 mv‡j wbivc` i³ cwimÂvj‡bi Kg©c×wZ
cÖYqb Kiv nq, hvi AvIZvq 98wU wbvic` i³ cwimÂvjb †K›`ª Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q;
1997 mv‡j RvZxq GBPAvBwf/GBWm I
†hŠb‡ivM welqK bxwZgvjv gš¿xcwil` KZ…©K Aby‡gv`b jvf K‡i;
cuvP eQi †gqv`x RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv
( 1997-2002) cÖYqb I RvZxq GBWm KwgwUi Aš—f~©w³i gva¨‡g Gi ev¯—evqb Kiv nq;
wØZxq cÂevwl©K RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv
cÖYqb (2004-2010) eZ©gvb P~ovš— ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q;
GBPAvBwf/GBWm
cÖwZ‡iv‡a AvPiY cwieZ©b †hvMv‡hvM †KŠkj cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q;
evwYwR¨K
†hŠb †K›`ª¸‡jv‡Z RbRwi‡ci KvR m¤úbœ Kiv n‡q‡Q;
GBPAvBwf
wmwdwjm wel‡q cÂg †mw›Ubvj mvifvBj¨vÝ m¤úbœ n‡q‡Q I lô mifvBj¨vÝ cÖwµqv ïi“
n‡q‡Q, Ges GbGGmwcÕi Kv‡R mnvqZv I Avš—tgš¿Yvjjq mn‡hvwMZv evov‡bvi Rb¨ G ch©š—
17wU gš¿Yvj‡q †dvKvj c‡q›U g‡bvbqb †`Iqv n‡q‡Q|
GQvovI
Rb‡PZbZv ‰Zwii Rb¨ mviv‡`‡k wewfbœ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© GjvKvq 650wU wej‡evW© ¯’vcb
Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges †iwWI †Uwjwfk‡b evZ©v cÖ`vb
Kiv n‡q‡Q| GBPAvBwf msµwgZ GBWm Avµvš—‡`i †bUIqvK© MV‡b Ges Zv‡`i †mev I GAviwf
mnvqZv cÖ`v‡b mn‡hvwMZv Kiv n‡”Q| mKj ch©v‡qi we‡klÁ‡`i wb‡q GBWm I gvbevwaKvi
wel‡q GKwU Uv· †dvm© MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Acev` I ˆelg¨ wbim‡b AbyK~j cwi‡ek m„wói
j‡¶¨ cÖwZeQi wek¦ GBWm w`em cvjb Kiv n‡”Q|
‡emKvix
†¯^”Qv‡mex ms¯’vmg~‡ni mv‡_ Askx`vwiZ¡ t GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wPi AvIZvq
b¨vkbvj Ges †jvKvj †j‡ej GbwRI e¨vcK AvKv‡i SuywKc~Y© bi‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ KvR Ki‡Q|
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a D™¢vebxg~jK †¶Î¸‡jv‡Z G GbwRI¸‡jv KvR Ki‡Q|
wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡b GbwRI¸‡jv
wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µ‡gi ïi“ †_‡K GbwRImg~n
¸i“Z¡c~Y© f~wgKv cvjb Ki‡Q| cwjwm GW‡fv‡Kwm, wimvP© I Kg©m~wP ev¯—evq‡b
GbwRI‡`i f~wgKv D‡jL‡hvM¨| mwµq GbwRI‡`i GKwU RvZxq †bUIqvK© i‡q‡Q| miKvi I
`vZv ms¯’v‡`i mnvqZv GbwRImg~n GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Zv‡`i f~wgKv Ae¨vnZ
ivL‡e e‡j wewfbœ ¯—‡i HK¨gZ¨ cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| eZ©gv‡b GbwRImg~n m‡PZbZv e„w×,
AvPiY cwieZ©bg~jK †hvMv‡hvM, fjv›Uvix KvD‡Ýwjs, GBPAvBwf cix¶v Ges †hŠb †ivM
e¨e¯’vcbv I †mevg~jK Kvh©µg cwiPvjbv Ki‡Q|
eZ©gvb
cwiPvwjZ Kg©m~wP t SuywKc~Y©© Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ GBPAvBwf msµgY wbqš¿b Ges mvaviY
Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ msµgY mxwgZ ivLv, SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi cÖwZ Acev` I ˆelg¨ wbim‡bi
j‡¶¨ wek¦e¨vsK, hy³ivR¨ I evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii A_©vq‡b GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva cÖKí
ev¯—evqb Kiv n‡”Q| G cÖK‡íi g~j Dcv`vb¸‡jv n‡”Q-
(1)
SuywKc~~Y© Rb‡Mvôx Z_v †hŠbKg©x, Bb‡RKk‡bi gva¨‡g †bkvMÖnYKvix, mgKvgx I fvmgvb
Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨ cÖwZ‡iva Kvh©µg, (2) G¨vW‡fv‡Kwm I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi gva¨‡g mvaviY
RbMY, ¸YxRb, bxwZwba©viKmn mKj †kªYxi gvby‡li g‡a¨ m‡PZbZv e„w× I `„wófw½i
cwieZ©b, (3) wbivc` i³cÖvwß mieivn,
†¯^”Qvq i³`v‡b DrmvwnZKiY, ¸YMZgvb wbwðZ, i³ e¨env‡i †hŠw³KZv, i³ msi¶Y I
evWe¨vsK wel‡q bxwZgvjv cÖYqb, (4) cÖvwZôvwbK `¶Zv e„w× Ges h_vh_ Kg©m~wPi
gva¨‡g evsjv‡`‡k GBPAvBwf GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a mnvqZv cÖ`vb, SuywKc~Y© Rb‡Mvôxi g‡a¨
m‡PZbZv e„w×, †mev cÖ`vb, cÖwk¶Y, AvPiY cwieZ©b mvgMÖx weZiY, †hŠb‡iv‡Mi
wPwKrmv cÖ`vb GLb gvV ch©v‡q ev¯—evwqZ n‡”Q| cvewjK cÖvB‡fU Aswk`vwi‡Z¡ miKv‡ii
mv‡_ GBPAvBwf/GBWm cÖwZ‡iva cÖK‡í 90wU †ewk GbwRI 2003 mvj †_‡K Kg©m~wP
ev¯—evwqZ K‡i P‡j‡Q| GBWm cÖwZ‡ivM cÖK‡í BDwb‡md KvwiMwi Ges e¨e¯’vcbv mnvqZv
cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
evsjv‡`k
GBWm cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ò‡Mvevj dvÛ di GBWm, wUDevi wKDjwmm GÛ g¨v‡jwiqvÓ Gi wØZxq
ch©v‡qi Avw_©K mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q| Gi AvIZvq 15-24 eQi eqmx Zi“Y-Zi“Yx‡`i g‡a¨
GBPAvBwf msµgY cÖwZ‡iva I †`k‡K G gnvgvix AvµgY †_‡K i¶v Kivi j‡¶¨ Kg©m~wP
wb‡q‡Q| wRGdGwUg Gi A_©vq‡b G cÖKíwU †mf w` wPj‡Wªb BDGmG e¨e¯’vcbv cÖwZôvb
wn‡m‡e KvwiMwi Ges e¨e¯’vcbv mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ki‡Q| †`‡ki †gvU 17wU GbwRI G cÖK‡íi
gva¨‡g hye m¤cÖ`v‡qi g‡a¨ GBWm cÖwZ‡iva Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb K‡i P‡j‡Q| wek¦¯^v¯’¨
ms¯’v I GbGGmwcÕi KvwiMwi `¶Zv e„w×, mgš^q `¶Zv I Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb, GBPAvBwf
cÖwZ‡iva, †mev I mnvqZv Kvh©µg Dbœqb, KvD‡Ýwjs I mvifvBj¨vÝ, wbivc` i³ Kvh©µg
Ges RvZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cÖYqb mnvqZv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Q|
fwel¨r
w`K wb‡`©kbv I Kg©‡KŠkj (Future
Guidelines and Techniques) :
evsjv‡`‡k
GBPAvBwf/GBWm cwiw¯’wZ ch©v‡jvPbv, SuywKc~Y© AvPiY gnvgvixi Rb¨ SuywKmg~n G
ch©š— ev¯—evwqZ Kvh©µg¸‡jv we‡klY K‡i wØZxq Kg©‡KŠkj cwiKíbv (2004-2010) cÖYqb
Kiv n‡”Q| G cwiKíbvi g~j j¶¨ AR©‡bi Rb¨ cuvPwU Kg©m~wPwfwËK D‡Ïk¨ wbav©iY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| G D‡Ïk¨¸‡jv n‡”Q AMÖvwaKviwfwËK Rb‡Mvôx‡K †mev I mnvqZv cÖ`vb; evsjv‡`‡k
GBPAvBwf msµvg‡Yi SuywK cÖwZ‡iva; ¯^v¯’¨ †mev e¨e¯’vq wbivc` I wbivcËvg~jK
Kg©PP©v e„w×; GBPAvBwf/GBWm wb‡q emevmKvix‡`i Rb¨ †mev I mnvqZv cÖ`vb Ges GBP
AvBwf GBWm gnvgvixi cÖfve Kwg‡q Avbv|
GBPAvBwf
I GBWm wb‡q emevmKvix‡`i cÖwZ I Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii cÖwZ ˆelk¨nxZ bxwZ MÖnY Ges
Zv‡`i mKj †gŠwjK AwaKvi I ¯^vwaKvi msi¶‡Yi welqwU RvZxq GBWm I GmwUwW welqK
bxwZgvjvi (1996) Aš—f~©³ i‡q‡Q| wPwKrmv I †mev cÖ`v‡bi †¶‡Î Zv‡`i cÖwZ ˆelg¨ I
Ab¨vq AvPiY †_‡K weiZ _vKvi welqwU †gwWK¨vj bxwZ gvjvi Aš—f~©³ i‡q‡Q| G
bxwZgvjvmg~n AbymiY Ki‡j gnvgvixi †bwZevPK cÖfve n«vm Kiv m¤¢e n‡e| evsjv‡`k‡K
GBWm gnvgvix †_‡K gy³ ivL‡Z mKj ¯—‡ii gvby‡li mwµq mn‡hvwMZv I miKv‡ii mg‡qvwPZ
Kg©m~wP GKvš— cÖ‡qvRb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ Avgiv G Kg©m~wP ev¯—evqb ïi“ K‡iwQ|
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