বাংলাদেশের উপর জলবায়ুর প্রভাব

cÖ_g Aa¨vq

1.1 f~wgKvt

Rjevqy cwieZ©b ej‡Z 30 eQi ev Zvi ‡ewk mgq Rjevqyi Dcv`vb ‡hgb ZvcgvÎv ev e…wócv‡Zi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ cwieZ©b‡K ‡evSvqv| hw` mwZ¨ Rjevqy cwieZ©b N‡U _v‡K Zvn‡j 30 eQ‡ii M‡o ZvcgvÎv, ev e…wócvZ A_ev ‡iv‡`«v¾¡j w`‡bi msL¨v cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q|

AvenvInvIqv Ges Rjevqy‡K Lye mn‡RB wgwjqv ‡djv hvq|

G‡¶‡Î mvaviYfv‡e wPšÍv Kivi Dcvq Av‡Q| Rjevqy n‡”Q Avgiv wK AvkvKwi (‡hgb: AZ¨šÍ VvÛv kxZKvj) Ges AvenvIqv n‡”Q Avgiv wK ‡`wL (‡hgb: e…wó)| AvenvIqvv n‡”Q ‡Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi wbw`©ó mg‡qi (m‡e©v”P 7 w`‡bi) evqvygÛ‡ji Ae¯’v hv mvaviYZ VvÛv, Mig, Av`«©Zv, evZv‡mi MwZ‡eM, ‡g‡Ni Ae¯’v, e…wócvZ BZ¨vw`i Ae¯’v eySvqv| Avi Rjevqyn‡”Q ‡Kvb A‡ji

AvenvIqvv ev evqvygÛ‡ji Dcv`vbmg~‡ni `xN©w`‡bi (Kgc‡¶ 30 eQ‡ii) Mo|

1900 mvj ‡_‡K c…w_exi RjevqyDËß n‡”Q| Z‡e GB DòZv e…w× c…w_exi me©Î mgvbfv‡e N‡Uwb eis ‡fŠMwjK Ae¯’vbMZ Kvi‡Y c…w_exi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b wewfbœ gvÎvqv ZvcgvÎvi GB cwieZ©b N‡U‡Q|

1.2 evsjv‡`‡ki ‡fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I cwi‡ekt

evsjv‡`k, `w¶Y Gwkqvi GKwU ‡`k, hv 26<sup>0</sup> 38' DËi A¶vsk ‡_‡K 20<sup>0</sup> 34' DËi A¶vsk Ges 88<sup>0</sup> 01' c~e© `«vwNgvsk ‡_‡K 92⁰ 41' c~e© `«vwNgvsk ch©šÍwe¯Í…Z| GB ‡`kwUi cwðg, DËi, Avi c~e© mxgvšÍRy†o i‡q‡Q fviZ| cwð‡g i‡q‡Q fvi‡Zi cwðge½ ivR¨| Dˇi cwðge½, Avmvg, ‡gNvjq ivR¨| c~‡e Avmvg, wÎcyiv, wg‡Rvivg| Z‡e c~e©w`‡K fviZ QvOvI wgqvbgv‡ii (evg©v) mv‡_ mxgvšÍi‡q‡Q| `w¶‡Y i‡q‡Q e‡½vcmvMi| f~ZvwËKfv‡e, ‡`kwU ‡_‡K DËi w`‡K i‡q‡Q myD”P wngvjq cve©Z¨vÂj, ‡hLvb ‡_‡K eidMjv cvwbi c«ev‡n m…ó eo e b`x (M½v, e«þcyÎ, ‡gNbv BZ¨vw`) evsjv‡`‡ki wfZi w`‡qc«engvb Ges b`x¸‡jv wM‡q`w¶‡Y e‡½vcmvM‡i c‡o‡Q| el©vKv‡j b`xevwnZ cvwbi c«evn ‡e†o ‡M‡j b`x Dc‡P cvwb ‡jvKvj‡q ‡cŠ‡Q hvq, Ges ‡`kwU Gfv‡e c«vq c«wZ eQiB eb¨vq AvµvšÍ nq|GB ‡`kwUi c«vq gvSLvb w`‡K K©UµvwšÍ‡iLv AwZµg K‡i‡Q Ges Gi AvenvIqv‡Z wbi¶xq c«fve j¶ Kiv hvq| eQ‡i e…wócv‡Zi gvÎv 1500-2500wgwjwgUvi (60-100BwÂ); c~e© mxgv‡šÍGB gvÎv 3750 wgwjwgUvi (150BwÂi ‡ewk)| ¯^vfvweK Ae¯’vq MO ZvcgvÎv 25<sup>0</sup> ‡mjwmqvm| Avengvb Kvj ‡_‡K G‡`‡k FZy‰ewPΨ eZ©gvb wQj, QqwU FZyi ‰ewkó¨ Avjv`v Avjv`vfv‡e GB ‡`‡k Dcjä nq; M«x®§-el©v-kir-‡ngšÍ-kxZ-emšÍ-GB Qq FZyi Kvi‡Y ‡`kwU‡K loFZyi ‡`kI ejv n‡q_v‡K| b‡f¤^i ‡_‡K gvP© ch©šÍnvjKv kxZ Abyf~Z nq| gvP© ‡_‡K Ryb ch©šÍ M«x®§Kvj P‡j| Ryb ‡_‡K ‡m‡Þ¤^i ch©šÍ G‡`‡k ‡gŠmygx evqy mµxq _v‡K, ZvB Ryb ‡_‡K A‡±vei ch©šÍ P‡j el©v ‡gŠmyg| Gmgq ‡gŠmygx evqyi c«fv‡e GLv‡b c«Pyi e…wócvZ nq, hv A‡bK mgqB eb¨vq fvwm‡q ‡`q| GQvovI ‡gŠmygx evqyc«ev‡ni AvMgyn~‡Z© wKsev we`v‡qi ciciB ¯’jfv‡M N~wY©So, U‡b©‡Wv, wKsev mvM‡i wbgœPvc, Rj-N~wY©So, R‡jv”Qvm BZ¨vw` c«vK…wZK `y‡h©vM m…wó nq, hvi AvNv‡Z evsjv‡`k c«vq wbqwgZB AvµvšÍnq| wKš‘ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi c«Z¨¶ c«fv‡e evsjv‡`‡ki GB ¯^vfvweK wPÎwU GLb A‡bKLvwb e`‡j ‡M‡Q| ZvcgvÎv, e…wócvZ, evqyc«evn, mgy`«¯Íi -me©w`K w`‡qmsNwUZ GmKj cwieZ©b evsjv‡`‡k, RjevqyMZ ¯’~j cwieZ©b m…wó K‡i‡Q|

1.3 evsjv‡`‡k Rjevqyi cwieZ©b I ‰ewk¦K DòZvi c«fve

eZ©gvbKv‡j mvivwe‡k¦ Awbqwš¿Z gvbweK Kvh©µ‡gi Kvi‡Y evZv‡m Kve©b WvBA·vB‡Wi cwigvY Avk¼vRbK nv‡i ‡e‡o hv‡”Q| d‡j evo‡Q cwi‡e‡ki DòZv, cwiewZ©Z n‡”Q AvenvIqv I Rjevqy| ‡Kv‡bv RvqMvi Mo AvenvIqvi `xN©‡gqvw` I A_©c~Y© G cwieZ©b‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©b ev K¬vB‡gU ‡PÄ ejv nq| Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi d‡j c…w_exi evqyg-‡ji ZvcgvÎv, evqyPvc, evZvm BZ¨vw` m~P‡Ki cwieZ©b nq Ges cieZ©xmg‡q c…w_exc…‡ô Zvi c«fve c‡o| Gi Ab¨Zg D`vniY n‡”Q wek¦e¨vcx ZvcgvÎv n«vm-e…w×i m‡½ m‡½ c…w_exc…‡ô wngev‡ni AvqZ‡bi n«vm-e…w×| GB cwieZ©‡bi mgq K‡qK `kK ‡_‡K K‡qK wgwjqb eQi n‡Z cv‡i|

‡ek K‡qKwU c«vK…wZK c«wµqvi Ici Rjevqyi cwieZ©b wbf©i K‡i| Gi g‡a¨ ‡hgb Av‡Q c…w_exi wewfbœ MwZkxj c«wµqv, ‡Zgwb Av‡Q ewnR©M‡Zi c«fve| ‡k‡lv³ KviYwUi g‡a¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i ‡mŠi wewKi‡Yi gvÎv, c…w_exi Aৰ‡iLvi w`K cwieZ©b wKsev m~‡h©i Zyjbvq c…w_exi Ae¯’vb| eZ©gvb mg‡q gbyl¨RwbZ cwi‡ek `~l‡Yi d‡j c…w_exi Dòvqb‡K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi GKwU Ab¨Zg KviY aiv nq| Rjevqyi ‰eÁvwbK g‡W‡j Gme m~PK‡K Bs‡iwR‡Z A‡bK mgq K¬vB‡gU ‡dviwms e‡j m‡¤^vab Kiv nq|

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi Ab¨Zg ms‡e`bkxj m~PK wn‡m‡e wngev‡ni n«vm-e…wׇK aiv nq| Rjevqy kxZj n‡j wngev‡ni AvKvi ev‡o Avi Dò Rjevqy‡Z wngev‡ni AvqZb I msL¨v K‡g hvq| ‰kZ¨hyM ev eidhy‡Mi mgq c…w_exi GKUv weivU AÂj wngevn I Zylvi Avmৱ‡ii wb‡P XvKv _v‡K| šÍ

AvR ‡_‡K c«vq wZb wgwjqb ev 30 jvL eQi Av‡M c«vq nVvr K‡iB c…w_ex‡Z GKUv ch©vqµwgK ‰kZ¨hyM I AšÍeZ©xKvjxb Dòhy‡Mi m~ÎcvZ nq| ‡Kb Gfv‡e ‰kZ¨ I DòhyM P‡µi Avwef©ve n‡jv, ZvB wb‡q weÁvbx‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f` Av‡Q| Z‡e A‡b‡K g‡b K‡ib, c…w_exi gnv‡`k¸‡jvi cvi¯úwiK Ae¯’vb, m~‡h©i Zyjbvq c…w_exi Kÿc_ I c…w_exi Aÿ‡iLvi w`K cwieZ©b BZ¨vw` KviY Gi Rb¨ `vqx| KviY hv-B ‡nvK bv ‡Kb, GLb ‡`Lv hv‡”Q ‡h, `ywU Dòhy‡Mi P~ovšÍ ch©v‡qi g‡a¨ mgq n‡”Q c«vq GK jvL eQi| Z‡e GK jvL eQi wbZvšÍB GKUv AvbygvwbK mgq, G mgqUv 80 nvRvi ‡_‡K 1 jvL 20 nvRvi eQ‡ii g‡a¨ aiv ‡h‡Z cv‡i|

wØZxq Aa¨vq

Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi KviYt

Rjevqyi cwiZe©b mvaviYZ `yÕai‡bi| h_v:

1. cÖvK…wZK KviY

2. gvby‡li ˆZwi

1.  c«vK…wZK KviY

Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wcQ‡b GKvwaK c«vK…wZK KviY _v‡K৷ K‡qKwU c«avb KviY nj gnv‡`kxq m¤ú«evn ev Kw›U‡b›Uvj wW«dU, Av‡MœqwMwi, gnvmvMixq ‡m«vZ I c…w_exi Xvj৷

LÛ

1.      gnv‡`kxq m¤ú«evn ev Kw›U‡b›Uvj wW«dUt Avgiv ‡h gnv‡`k¸wj‡K AvR ‡`L‡Z cvB Zviv ‰Zwi n‡qwQj j¶ j¶ eQi Av‡M hLb f~LÛ¸wj ax‡i ax‡i `~‡i m‡i ‡h‡Z Avi¤¢ K‡i৷ GB mi‡Z _vKv ev m¤ú«evn f~L‡Ûi Rjvkq¸wji Ae¯’vb Ges gnvmvMixq ‡m«vZ I evZv‡mi AwfgyL cvj‡U ‡`q৷ Rjevqyi Dci GB cwieZ©‡bi c«fve c‡o৷ gnv‡`k¸wji GB m¤ú«evn AvRI Pvjy Av‡Q৷

2.     Av‡MœqwMwit Av‡MœqwMwi ‡_‡K AMœ–¨ZcvZ Avi¤¢ n‡j AvengÛ‡j c«Pyi cwigv‡Y mvjdvi WvB A·vBW(SO₂ ), Rjxq ev®ú, I QvB wg‡k hvq৷ Av‡MœqwMwi gvÎ K‡qK w`‡bi Rb¨ mwµq _vK‡jI M¨vm I QvB‡qi wekvj cwigvY eû eQi a‡i Rjevqyi aiY‡K c«fvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i৷ M¨vm I a~wjKYv m~h©iwk¥i c…w_ex‡Z G‡m ‡cŠuQ‡bv‡K AvswkK fv‡e evav ‡`q, hvi d‡j ZvcgvÎv K‡g hvq৷

3.     c…w_exi Xvj t c…w_ex Zvi K¶c‡_i mg‡KŠwYK Zj ‡_‡K 23.5⁰ ‡Kv‡Y ‡n‡j i‡q‡Q৷ c…w_exi Xv‡ji ‡ni‡d‡i FZyi Zxe«Zv c«fvweZ nq৷ ‡ewk ‡n‡j hvIqv gv‡b MigKv‡j ‡ewk Mig I kxZKv‡j ‡ewk VvÛv ; Kg Xvj n‡j M«x®§Kv‡j Mig Kg Avi kxZKvjI ‡Zgb VvÛv bq৷

4.     gnvmvMixq ‡m«vZt gnvmvMi¸wj Rjevqy e¨e¯’vi GKwU c«avb A½৷ c…w_exi c«vq 71 kZvsk RvqMv Ry‡o G¸wj we¯Í…Z i‡q‡Q৷ f~c…ô ev AvengÛ‡ji Zyjbvq gnvmvMi¸wj c«vq wظY m~‡h©i weKxiY ‡kvlY K‡i৷ gnvmvMixq ‡m«v‡Zi gva¨‡g c…w_ex Ry‡o wecyj cwigvY DËvc evwnZ nq৷

2. gvby‡li ˆZwi KviYt

M«xbnvDm G‡d±t c…w_ex m~h© ‡_‡K kw³ M«nY K‡i, hvi mvnv‡h¨ f~c…ô Dò nq৷ AvengÛ‡ji g‡a¨ w`‡q Avm‡Z Avm‡Z Gi GKwU wbw`©ó kZvsk(c«vq 30) Qwo‡q wQwU‡q hvq৷ GB kw³i wKQy Ask Avevi f~wg I mgy`«c…‡ô c«wZdwjZ n‡q AvengÛ‡j wd‡i hvq৷  AvengÛ‡ji wKQy wKQy M¨vm c…w_ex wN‡i GKUv K¤^‡ji gZ Av”Qv`b ‰Zwi K‡i I GB kw³i wKQyUv ï‡l ‡bq৷ GB me M¨vm ‡hgb Kve©b WvBA·vBW, wg‡_b I bvBU«vm A·vBW Ges Rjxq ev‡®úi wgwjZ cwigvY AvengÛ‡ji GK kZvs‡kiI Kg৷ G¸wj‡K ejv nq  'M«xbnvDm M¨vm'৷ M«xbnvD‡mi KvuP ‡hgb AwZwi³ kw³i we”QyiY ‡iva K‡i, wVK ‡Zgwb fv‡e GB ÔM¨v‡mi K¤^jÕ c…w_ex ‡_‡K we”QywiZ wKQyUv kw³ ‡kvlY K‡i ZvcgvÎvi gvb eRvq ivL‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i৷ GBRb¨B Gi bvg ‡`Iqv n‡q‡Q ÔM«xbnvDm G‡d±Õ৷

Rvu-e¨vcwZ¯Í dywi‡q bv‡g GKRb divwm weÁvbx c«_g M«xbnvDm G‡d± wPwýZ K‡ib৷ AvengÛj I M«xbnvD‡mi wfZ‡i NU‡Z _vKv NUbvi mv`…k¨ wZwbB c«_g mK‡ji bR‡i Av‡bb৷

c…w_exi Rb¥jMœ ‡_‡KB M«xbnvDm M¨v‡mi GB Pv`i Zv‡K ‡X‡K ‡i‡L‡Q৷ Z‡e, gvby‡li Kvh©Kjv‡ci e…w×i d‡j AvengÛ‡j Av‡iv ‡ewk cwigv‡Y GB M«xbnvDm M¨vm wg‡k hv‡”Q৷ cwiYv‡g Pv`iwU Av‡iv Nb n‡q DV‡Q hvi d‡j Ô¯^vfvweK M«xbnvDm G‡d±Õ e¨vnZ n‡”Q৷

Avgiv hLb Kqjv, ‡Zj ev c«vK…wZK M¨v‡mi gZ R¡vjvwb ‡cvovB ZLb AvengÛ‡j Kve©b WvB A·vBW wg‡k hvq৷ Avgiv hLb AiY¨ aŸsm Kwi, ZLb Mv‡Qi wfZ‡i mwÂZ Kve©b AvengÛ‡j Kve©b WvB A·vBW n‡q wg‡k hvq৷ µgea©gvb K…wlKvR, f~wg e¨env‡ii ai‡Y e`j, Ges Ab¨vb¨ DZ&m ‡_‡K wg‡_b I bvBU«vm A·vB‡Wi gvÎv evo‡Z _v‡K৷ wkímsµvšÍ c×wZ¸wjI K…wÎg Ges b~Zb b~Zb M«xbnvDm M¨vm ‡hgb wmGdwm(‡K¬v‡ivd¬y‡ivKve©b)-i wbtmiY NUvq, Z_v ‡gvUi Mvwoi ‡avuqv ‡_‡K I‡Rv‡bi m…wó nq৷ Gi cwiYvg¯^iƒc ‡h M«xbnvDm G‡d± ‰Zwi nq Zv‡K mvaviYfv‡e wek¦e¨vcx Dòvqb ev Rjevqyi cwieZ©b e‡j D‡jøL Kiv n‡q _v‡K৷

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq

3.1 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wkKvit

evsjv‡`‡k cÖvq mv‡o †PŠÏ †KvwU gvbyl mivmwi Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wkKvi n‡Z P‡j‡Q| BwZg‡a¨ GB cwieZ©‡bi Kvi‡Y eb¨v, Abve„wó, AwZe„wó, Livi gZ NUbv NU‡Q| GQvov mgy`ªc„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i cÖfve Aí n‡jI co‡Z ïiæ Ki‡Q| wewfbœ ¯’v‡b cvwb jebv³ n‡q c‡o‡Q| †bv‡ej weRqx RvZxms‡Ni B›Uvi Mf©‡g›Uvj c¨v‡bj Ab K¬vB‡gU †PÁ ev AvBwcwmwm Rvwb‡q‡Q, mgy`ª c„‡ôi D”PZv e„w×i Kvi‡b evsjv‡`‡ki AšÍZ 17 fvM f~wg Zwj‡q †h‡Z cv‡i| Avi 2050 mvj bvMvZ 5 †KvwU gvby‡l n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i M„nnxb| cwi‡ek cÖwZgwš¿  Rvwb‡q‡Qb, cÖvß A‡_© Zviv mgy‡`ªi wbKUeZ©x A‡j jeYv³Z| wb‡gœ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wkKv‡iv³ weq¸‡jv Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:

1.      ¯^v¯’¨SyuwK‡Z gvbylt Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi weiƒc c«fv‡e bvbviKg ¯^v¯’¨SyuwK‡Z i‡q‡Q evsjv‡`‡ki gvbyl| k¦vmKó, nxU‡÷«vK ev MigRwbZ g…Z¨y wKsev Zxe« VvÛvRwbZ g…Z¨y BZ¨vw` GLb Lye mvaviY n‡q`vuWo‡q‡Q| wek¦L¨vZ ¯^v¯’¨ mvgqKx j¨vb‡mU, wek¦e¨vcx ¯^v¯’¨-c«fve wb‡qKiv Zv‡`i M‡elYv wi‡cv‡U© Rjevqyi cwieZ©‡bi c«fv‡e ‡hme ‡iv‡Mi c«‡Kvc ‡`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i, ‡m m¤^‡Ü D‡jøL K‡i‡Q: msµgY I KxUcZ½evwnZ ‡iv‡Mi ai‡Y cwieZ©b Avm‡e; Zvcc«ev‡n g…Z¨yi msL¨v evo‡e; R‡jv”Qvm, N~wY©So, Kvj‰ekvLx BZ¨vw`‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡q mivmwi RL‡gi msL¨vI evo‡e| Zv QvovI Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ bvbv c«vK…wZK `y‡h©v‡M c†o kvixwiKfv‡e AvnZ ‡nvb wkï, gwnjv I e…×MY| GQvov wewfbœfv‡e ¶wZM«¯’ n‡qwkïiv gvbwmKfv‡eI n‡q c†o ch©y`¯Í| wecyj gvbyl wbR¯^ Avevm ‡Q†o DØv¯Íyi Rxe‡b c`vc©Y Kivq me‡P‡q‡ewk c«fve c†OMf©ewZ gv‡q‡`i Rxe‡b| Zviv cvbbv b¨~bZg ¯^v¯’¨-myweav, d‡j A¯^v¯’¨Ki cwi‡e‡k mšÍvb Rb¥ ‡`Iqv, jvjb-cvj‡bi Kvi‡Y Abvqv‡mB mšÍv‡bi kix‡i RvqMv K‡i ‡bq bvbv ‡ivMe¨vax| GQvov DØv¯Íy Rxe‡b eqtmwÜKv‡j, wK‡kvi-wK‡kvixiv cvqbv Dchy³ b¨~bZg cwi‡ek|

2.     c«vK…wZK m¤ú` n«vmt Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi c«fv‡e bvbviKg c«vK…wZK m¤ú` µgvš^‡qn«vm cv‡”Q evsjv‡`‡k| A‡bK c«RvwZB nvwi‡q ‡h‡Z e‡m‡Q| MvQ, gvQ, cvwL, dyj, dj mewKQy‡ZB GB c«fve co‡Q| BD‡b‡¯‹vi "Rjevqyi cwieZ©b I wek¦ HwZ‡n¨i cvV" kxl©K c«wZ‡e`‡bi Z_¨g‡Z, mgy`«c…‡ôi D”PZv e…w×mn ‰ewk¦K Rjevqy cwieZ©‡bi wewfbœ Kvi‡Y my›`ie‡bi 75% aŸsm n‡q ‡h‡Z cv‡i৷ GK_v Ab¯^xKvh© ‡h, GB wecyj cwigvY c«vK…wZK m¤ú` n«v‡m cwi‡e‡ki Dci e¨vcK weiƒc c«fve co‡e| ‡o

                               i.      grm¨m¤ú` n«vmt Af¨šÍixb grm¨ Avni‡Y (Inland fishing) evsjv‡`k we‡k¦ Z…Zxq ¯’vb AwaKvix ‡`k| gvQ Pv‡li ‡¶‡Î G‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb cÂg| evsjv‡`k, eQ‡i 3,000 ‡KvwU UvKvi gvQ ißvwb K‡i| G‡`‡ki RvZxq Av‡qi 3.70 fvM Ges ißvwb Av‡qi 4.04 fvM Av‡m grm¨ LvZ ‡_‡K| wKš‘ Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b GB grm¨ Lv‡Zi Dci co‡Q eo c«fve| e…wócv‡Zi A¯^vfvweK AvPiY, ZvcgvÎv e…w× ‡`‡ki grm¨m¤ú‡`i Rb¨ c«wZKyj Ae¯’vi m…wó K‡i P‡j‡Q c«wZwbqZ| ‡gŠmygx e…wócvZ bv nIqvq Ges Amg‡qfvwi e…wócvZ nIqvq gv‡Qi c«Rb‡b bvbvwea mgm¨v n‡”Q, ‡hgb: c«Rb‡bi Dchy³ cwi‡ek bv cvIqvq Ges ZvcgvÎv ‡ewk _vKvq gvQ K…wÎg c«Rb‡b mvOv bv ‡`qvq c«Rbb e¨vnZ n‡”Q, GRb¨ wWg kix‡i ‡kvwlZ n‡qhv‡”Q| we‡klÁiv Rvbvb, ZvcgvÎv 29-30 wWwM« ‡mjwmqv‡m ‡M‡j cvwbi ZvcgvÎv ‡e‡o hvq d‡j cvwb‡Z Aw·‡Rb K‡g hvq, Avi Zv‡Z c«Rbb¶g gvQ Aí‡ZB K¬všÍ n‡qc‡o| GgZve¯’vq wW‡gi AveiY cvZjv n‡qhvq| G‡Z mgM« ‡cvbv Drcv`b e¨vnZ nq|

evsjv‡`‡k Gwc«j-‡g gv‡m e…wó‡Z cyKyi-‡Wvev‡Z cvwb R‡g| Gmgq grm¨Rxweiv ‡cvbv gRy` K‡ib| R‡g _vKv cvwb‡Z gv‡Qi ‡cvbv gRy‡`i `yB-wZb gvm c‡i gvQ evRv‡i Avmvi AvK…wZ nIqvi Av‡MB Zxe« Zv‡c ïwK‡qhv‡”Q cvwb| d‡j ‡QvU ‡QvU gvQ ¶wZi KviY n‡q`vuovq grmRxwei| grm¨Rxwe‡`i AwfgZ, Amg‡qKyqvkv, AvKvk ‡gNjv _vKvI gvQ Pvl‡K e¨vnZ Ki‡Q| A‡bK ‡¶‡Î ¯^v`y cvwbi gvQ Pv‡l ‡jvbv cvwb Xy‡K c‡o evavM«¯’ Ki‡Q gvQ Pvl; ‡hgb: g…‡Mj gvQ ‡jvbv cvwb mn¨ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, iæB-KvZjv Avkvbyiƒc AvK…wZ cvq bv|

3.2 AšÍfy³ GjvKvmg~nt

1. ‡fvjvt

DcM«‡ni Z_¨vbyhvqx ‰Zwi Kiv nvwZqv I ‡fvjvi f~wgMVb I fvO‡bi wPÎ

evsjv‡`‡ki cvwb Dbœqb ‡ev‡W©i mn‡hvMx c«wZôvb ‡m›Uvi di Gbfvqib‡g›Uvj A¨vÛ wRIM«vwdK¨vj Bbdi‡gkb mvwf©‡mm (CEGIS) DcM«‡ni gva¨‡g msM…nxZ DcvË we‡køl‡Y ‡ewi‡qG‡m‡Q ‡h, 1973-2008 wL«÷vã ch©šÍ‡fvjvi g~j f~fvM ‡_‡K 240 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Rwg b`xM‡f© wejxb n‡q‡M‡Q| DcM«nwP‡Î ‡`Lv hvq ‡fvjvi DËi-c~e© w`‡K fvO‡bi c«eYZv ‡ewk| hw`I GKB mg†q 70 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi bZyb Pi ‡fvjvi m‡½ hy³ n‡q‡Q, wKš‘ fvO‡bi Zyjbvq Zv hrmvgvb¨| cvwb Dbœqb ‡evW© ‡_‡K Rvbv hvq, 2004-2008 -GB Pvi eQi fvO‡bi gvÎv ‡e†o‡Q, Avi 2009 wL«÷v‡ã Zv m‡e©v”P n‡q‡Q|

‡Kv‡cb‡n‡M‡b Rjevqy welqK AvšÍR©vwZK m‡¤§j‡b (2009) evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii c¶ ‡_‡K Dc¯’vwcZ c«wZ‡e`b¸wji GKwU‡Z Rvbv‡bv nq, evsjv‡`k cvwb Dbœqb ‡ev‡W©i Z_¨ Abyhvqx cÙv-e«þcyÎ-‡gNbv AeevwnKvq c«vq 1,200 wK‡jvwgUvi Ry†o fvOb Ae¨vnZ Av‡Q| Ges AviI c«vq 500 wK‡jvwgUvi Ry†ObZyb K‡i fvOb ‡`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i|

‡fvjv m`i Dc‡Rjvi ivRvcyi BDwbq‡bii GKwU As‡ki bvg Ni ivRvcyi, Ab¨ AskwUi bvg evwni ivRvcyi| evwni ivRvcy‡i 6 eQi Av‡MI (cwi‡c«w¶Z 2009) 17wU M«vg wQ‡jv; fvO‡bi d‡j Zv G‡m ‡V‡K‡Q gvÎ 6wU‡Z| cvkvcvwk 2009 mv‡j fvOb KewjZ wQ‡jv mxZvivg Ges DËi ivg`vmcyi| gbcyiv Dc‡Rjvi ¯’vbxq evwm›`v‡`i g‡Z weMZ 15 eQ‡ii Zyjbvq 2009 mv‡ji fvO‡bi nvi ‡ewk (cwi‡c«w¶Z 2009)|

2. nvwZqvt

2009 wL«÷v‡ãi ‡c«¶vc‡U nvwZqvi DËi, DËi-c~e© I DËi-cwðgvs‡ki ZgiwÏ, PiwKs I PiCk¦i BDwbqb Ges myLPi I bjwPivi Aewkóvsk e¨vcK fvO‡bi Ke‡j i‡q‡Q| b`xfvO‡bi ci nvwZqv Dc‡Rjv cwil` 1985-86 wL«÷v‡ã eZ©gvb Dc‡Rjv m`i IQLvwj‡Z ¯’vbvšÍi Kiv n‡qwQ‡jv| fvO‡bi Ke‡j B‡Zvg‡a¨B ivRKygvi mvnvi nvU, gby ‡ecvwii nvU, wnwRwgwRi evRvi, bv‡q‡ei nvU, mv‡n‡ei nvU, bjwPiv evRvi, mv‡nevbx evRvi, ‡PŠi½x evRvi, RvBjøv evRvi, gwdwRqv evRvi, bjwPiv bZyb evRvi I fyTvi nvU ‡gNbvM‡f© nvwi‡q‡M‡Q| nvwZqv Dc‡Rjv miKvwi Kwgkbvi (f~wg) Awdmm~‡Î c«vß Z_¨g‡Z, fvO‡bi Ke‡j Dc‡Rjvi mvMiw`, PievUv, gvBRPiv, Pi nvmvb-‡nv‡mb, PiwKs, DËi PiwKs, KvDwbqv, Pie¸jv, PiAvgvbyjøvn, `w¶Y PiAvgvbyjøvn ‡gŠRv¸‡jv ‡gNbvM‡f© m¤ú~Y© wejxb n‡q‡M‡Q| GQvov Av‡iv 20wU ‡gŠRvi ‡ewkifvMB b`xM‡f© nvwi‡q‡M‡Q|

nvwZqv ‡h nv‡i fvO‡Q, ‡m nv‡i bZyb Rwg nvwZqvi mv‡_ hy³ n‡”Q bv| wmBwRAvBGm-Gi DcM«nwPÎ we‡køwlZ gZ n‡jv 1973-2008 wL«÷vã ch©šÍnvwZqvi g~j f~fvM ‡_‡K 150 eM© wK‡jvwgUvi Rwg b`x‡Z wejxb n‡q‡Q| ‡`Lv hvq, nvwZqvi Pviw`KB fvO‡Q, Z‡e c«eYZv ‡ewk DËiw`‡K| cwj R‡g `w¶Y-cwð‡g mvZ eM©wK‡jvwgUvi Rwg hy³ n‡jI fvO‡bi Zyjbvq Zv hrmvgvb¨|

3. wbSyg Øxct

wbSyg Øx‡c miKvwi D‡`¨v‡M M†o‡Zvjv eb aŸs‡mi c‡_| b`xfvOb QvovI N~wY©So AvBjvq gvivZ¥K ¶wZM«¯’ n‡q‡Q GB K…wÎg DcK~jxq ebwU| w`‡b w`‡b ebwU ‡QvU n‡q Avm‡Q| GB eb wejyß n‡j SÅvwe¶yã e‡½vcmvM‡ii AvM«vm‡b wUK‡Z cvi‡e bv Øx‡ci 22,000-GiI ‡ewk gvbyl, Avi 20,000-Gi g‡Zv nwiY|

PZz_© Aa¨vq

4.1 Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b ‡bwZevPK c«fvet

wek¦e¨vcx Rjevqy cwieZ©‡b evsjv‡`‡k ‡h wewea ‡bwZevPK c«fve cO‡Q Ges B‡Zvg‡a¨ c†O়‡Q, Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡jv:

giæKiY         eb¨v              So           mgy`«c…‡ôi                 K…wl‡Z

D”PZv e…w×                AwbðqZv

gvjvDho    evsjv‡`k        wdwjcvBb       me wbPy Øxc‡`k          my`vb

Bw_Iwcqv       Pxb               evsjv‡`k        wf‡qZbvg                  ‡m‡bMvj

wR¤^vey‡q    fviZ             gv`vMv¯‹vi       wgmi                      wR¤^vey‡q

fviZ             K‡¤^vwWqv        wf‡qZbvg       wZDwbwkqv                gvwj

‡gvRvw¤^K        ‡gvRvw¤^K        gj‡`vfv         B‡›`v‡bwkqv              Rvw¤^qv

bvBRvi          jvIm             g‡½vwjqv        ‡gŠwiZvwbqv               gi‡°v

‡gŠwiZvwbqv     cvwK¯Ívb         nvBwZ           Pxb                        bvBRvi

BwiwÎqv          k«xj¼v           mv‡gvqv          ‡gw·‡Kv                   fviZ

my`vb             _vBj¨vÛ         ‡Uv½v             wgqvbgvi                  gvjvDho

kv` (Pv`)       wf‡qZbvg       Pxb               evsjv‡`k                  Avj‡Rwiqv

‡Kwbqv                     ‡ewbb           nÛyivm           ‡m‡bMvj                  Bw_Iwcqv

Bivb              iæqvÛv           wdwR              wjweqv                     cvwK¯Ívb

‰ewk¦K DòZvi SyuwK‡Z _vKv cvuPwU K¨vUvMwi‡Z 12wU ‡`‡ki ZvwjKv|

1. e…wócvZ n«vm t

fvi‡Zi AvenvIqv `߇ii 1951 ‡_‡K 2004 wL«÷v‡ãi msM…nxZ Dcv‡Ëi wfwˇZ bqvw`wjøi BwÛqvb Bbw÷wUDU Ad ‡UK‡bvjwRi ‡m›Uvi di A¨vU‡gvm‡dwiK mv‡q‡Ým wefv‡Mi D‡`¨v‡M e…wócv‡Zi e¨vwß, el©v ‡gŠmy‡gi e¨vwß I e…wói cwigvc BZ¨vw` DcvË hvPvB K‡i ‡`Lv ‡M‡Q ‡h, fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k e…wócvZ Kg‡Q| ‡`Lv ‡M‡Q, Pviw`‡bi ‡ewk mgq a‡i Kgc‡¶ 2.5 wgwjwgUvi e…wócv‡Zi NUbv K‡g ‡M‡Q| hw`I ¯^í mg‡qi Rb¨ e…wócvZ ‡e†O়‡Q| wKš‘ G‡Z ‡gŠmygx e…wócv‡Zi Pµ `~e©j n‡q‡M‡Q| GB cwiw¯’wZ GRb¨ AvksKvRbK ‡h, GB Dcgnv‡`‡ki K…wlKvR `xN©‡gqvw` e…wói Dc‡hvMx|[9] B‡Zvg‡a¨B (2009) evsjv‡`‡ki DËi-c~e© A‡j, av‡bi dyj Avmvi mgq ‡_‡K exR ‡ei nIqvi gvSLv‡bi mgqUyKy‡Z c«‡qvR‡bi Zyjbvq e…wócvZ Kg nIqvq wU-Avgb Rv‡Zi av‡bi Drcv`b K‡g Avm‡Q|[10] GgbwK fiv el©vq Rqcyinv‡Ui KvjvB Dc‡Rjvq Abve…wó‡Z Avgb av‡bi wekvj ‡LZ ‡iv‡` cyO‡Q (2010)| ‡hLv‡b Avgb avb ‡ivc‡bi AšÍZ 3 mßvn ch©šÍcvwb a‡i ivLv wbwðZ Ki‡Z nq, bvn‡j Kywk ev†Obv; ‡mLv‡b cvwbi Afv‡e Rwg‡Z dvUj ‡`Lv w`‡q‡Q|[11] evsjv‡`k AvenvIqv Awa`߇ii ‡`qv Z_¨g‡Z 2010 wL«÷v‡ã (47,447 wgwjwgUvi), weMZ 15 eQ‡ii Zyjbvq (1994 wL«÷v‡ãi c‡i) me‡P‡qKg e…wócvZ n‡q‡Q, GgbwK GB cwigvY ‡k«d 2009 wL«÷v‡ãi ZyjbvqB 9,000 wgwjwgUvi Kg|[7]

2. jeYv³Zv e…w×t

e…wócvZ K‡g hvIqvq b`-b`xi cvwbc«evn ïK‡bv ‡gŠmy‡g ¯^vfvweK gvÎvq _v‡K bv| d‡j b`xi cvwbi wecyj Pv‡ci Kvi‡Y mgy‡`«i ‡jvbvcvwb hZUyKy GjvKvRy†o AvU‡K _vKvi K_v ZZUyKy _v‡K bv, cvwbi c«evn Kg _vKvi Kvi‡Y mgy‡`«i ‡jvbvcvwb ¯’jfv‡Mi KvQvKvwQ P‡j Av‡m| d‡j jeYv³Zv ‡e†o hvq ‡`‡ki DcK~jxq A‡ji wecyj GjvKvq| `w¶Y-cwðg ‡qkv‡i GgbUv ‡`L‡Z cvIqv hvq, ‡mLv‡b ﮋ ‡gŠmy‡g M½vi cvwbi c«evn K‡g hvIqvq jeYv³Zv e…w× cvq| my¯úó c«gv‡Yi wfwˇZ ejv hvq hvq, ‡`‡ki `v‡Kvcmn `w¶Yv‡j mgy`« f~fv‡Mi A‡bK wfZi ch©šÍ‡jvbvcvwb B‡Zvg‡a¨B (2009) Xy‡K c†o‡Q| GB mgm¨v DcK~jxq AÂj ‡_‡K ‡qkvi, Kywóqv, dwi`cyi Ges Kywgjøv ch©šÍDËi w`‡K we¯Í…Z n‡q‡Q (2010), Ges Av‡iv Dˇi we¯Í…Z n‡Z cv‡i e‡j we‡klÁ‡`i AwfgZ| 1990 wL«÷v‡ã ‡`‡k jeYv³ f~wgi cwigvY wQj 8,30,000 ‡n±i, Avi 2001 wL«÷v‡ã G‡m Zv n‡q‡Q 30,50,000 ‡n±i| Kg e…wócv‡Zi Kvi‡Y DcK~jxq GjvKvq jeYv³Zvi mgm¨v w`‡b w`‡b Av‡iv c«KU n‡qDV‡e e‡j we‡klÁ‡`i AwfgZ|

ewikvj I cUyqvLvjx‡Z jeYv³Zvi cwigvY 2 wcwcwU (jeYv³Zv cwigvcK gvÎv) ‡_‡K ‡e†O7 wcwcwU n‡q‡M‡Q (‡c«w¶Z 2009)| PÆM«vg kni mwbœK‡Ui nvj`v b`xi cvwb‡Z jeYv³Zvi cwigvY ‡e†o 8 wcwcwU n‡q‡M‡Q (2009)|

mvZ¶xiv-Lyjbvi my›`iebt

evsjv‡`‡ki f~-c«vK…wZK MVbB Ggb ‡h, ‡Kv_vI ‡Kv_vI f~fvM ‡q_ó Xvjy| Lyjbvi my›`ie‡bi Ae¯’vb Ggb GKUv RvqMvq, hv wÎf~RvK…wZi e‡½vcmvM‡ii kxl©we›`y‡Z Mv‡½q ‡gvnbvq Aew¯’Z| GB Mv‡½q ‡gvnbvi gnxXvj Lye gm…Yfv‡e mgy‡`« ‡b‡g ‡M‡Q| Gi d‡j Av›`vgvb mvM‡i Drcbœ RjNywY©SO¸‡jvi DËigyLx hvÎvq gnxXv‡ji AMfxiZvi Kvi‡Y R‡jv”Qvm AZ¨šÍDuPy n†q Av‡m| mvM‡ii ‡RvqviI A‡c¶vK…Z DuPy nq| ZvB mvM‡ii ‡jvbvcvwb Xy‡K c‡o DcK~j fv‡M, jeYv³ K‡i ‡Zv‡j f~-Af¨šÍ‡ii cvwbI|

mgy`«c…‡ôi D”PZv ‡e†OjeYv³Zv ‡e†OhvIqvq B‡Zvg‡a¨B my›`ie‡bi my›`ix Mv‡Q e¨vcK gvÎvq AvMvgiv ‡ivM ‡`Lv w`‡q‡Q| A‡b‡K G‡K gvbem…ó KviY wn‡m‡e D‡jøL Ki‡Z PvB‡jI M‡elKiv G‡K c«vK…wZK KviY wn‡m‡eB mbv³ K‡i‡Qb| my›`ie‡bi Ab¨vb¨ MvQI AvMvgiv I cvZv K¼vjKiY ‡cvKvi Avµg‡Yi wkKvi n‡”Q| AvµvšÍn‡”Q evB‡bi evMvbI| my›`ie‡bi eyWo‡Mvqvwjbx ‡iÄ B‡Zvg‡a¨B cvwbi D”PZvRwbZ Kvi‡Y jeYv³Zvi wkKvi| Gw`‡K bwbqvb‡iÄ AvµvšÍnIqvi gy‡L (cwi‡c«w¶Z 2010)|

3. A¯^vfvweK ZvcgvÎvt

evsjv‡`k bvwZkx‡Zvò ZvcgvÎvi ‡`k wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ n‡jI weMZ K‡qK eQ‡i ZvcgvÎvi A¯^vfvweK AvPiY ‡mB cwiwPwZ ¤­vb n‡qhv‡”Q| 1960 wL«÷v‡ã e½xq GjvKvq m‡e©v”P 42.30 ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv bw_fy³ Kiv nq| ¯^vaxbZvi c‡i evsjv‡`‡k 1972 wL«÷v‡ãi 30 ‡g ZvcgvÎv bw_fy³ Kiv nq 45.10 ‡mjwmqvm, ivRkvnx‡Z| 1995 wL«÷v‡ã G‡m bw_fy³ Kiv nq 430 ‡mjwmqvm| 2009 wL«÷v‡ãi 26 Gwc«j bw_fy³ Kiv nq weMZ 14 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ m‡e©v”P ZvcgvÎv 42.20 ‡mjwmqvm, ‡qkv‡i| ZvcgvÎvi GB cwimsL¨v‡b AvcvZ`…wó‡Z hw`I g‡b n‡”Q ZvcgvÎv Kg‡Q, wKš‘ e¯Í‌yZ, AZx‡Zi m‡e©v”P MO ZvcgvÎv wQ‡jv Kg, A_P eZ©gv‡b m‡e©v”P MO ZvcgvÎv AZ¨waK ‡ewk| ‡Kbbv, Iqvì© IqvBìjvBd dvÛ ev WWF-Gi M‡elYvq ‡`Lv hvq, ïay XvKv kn‡iB ‡g gv‡mi Mo ZvcgvÎv 1995 wL«÷v‡ãi H gv‡mi Zyjbvq ‡e‡o‡Q 1⁰ ‡mjwmqvm (2009 ‡c«w¶Z)৷ b‡f¤^i gv‡m GB ZvcgvÎv 14 eQi Av‡Mi Zyjbvq ‡e‡o‡Q 0.5⁰ ‡mjwmqvm৷ AvenvIqv Awa`ßim~‡Î Rvbv hvq MZ 50 eQ‡i ‡`‡ki ZvcgvÎv e…w×i nvi 0.5%| GgbwK 2050 wL«÷vã bvMv` evsjv‡`‡ki ZvcgvÎv M‡o 1.4⁰ ‡mjwmqvm Ges 2100 wL«÷vã bvMv` 2.4⁰ ‡mjwmqvm evo‡e e‡j aviYv Kiv n‡”Q|

ZvcgvÎv evovi NUbvwU A‡bKUv m¤úyiK nv‡i NU‡e| ‡Kbbv evOwZ ZvcgvÎvi Kvi‡Y cvwbi ev®úxfeb ‡e†Ohv‡e Ges evZv‡m Rjxq ev‡®úi cwigvY evwo‡q w`‡e|[20] evZv‡m Rjxq ev®ú ‡e†OhvIqv gv‡b evZv‡m Av`«©Zvi cwigvY evov| Av`«© evZv‡mi c«fv‡e c«K…Z ZvcgvÎv bv evov‡jI Abyf~Z ZvcgvÎv (feels like) ‡e†Ohv‡e| d‡j ZvcgvÎvi ZyjbvqI ‡ewk Mig Abyf~Z n‡e| B‡Zvg‡a¨B GKwU Rwi‡c ‡`Lv ‡M‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki Av`«©Zvi gvÎv w`b w`b e…w× cv‡”Q| ZvQvov 2030 wL«÷vã bvMv` evwl©K Mo e…wócvZ 10-15 fvM Ges 2075 wL«÷vã bvMv` Zv c«vq 27 fvM ‡e†Ohv‡e| d‡j evZv‡m Av`«©Zvi gvÎv ‡e†o hv‡e Pig nv‡i| GB Av`«©Zv Mig evwo‡q w`‡e| D‡jøL¨, wek¦ AvenvIqv ms¯’v (WMO)-i g‡Z, 2010 wL«÷vã wQj 250 eQ‡ii g‡a¨ we‡k¦i DòZg eQi, Avi 2001 ‡_‡K 2010 mgqUyKy wQj we‡k¦i DòZg Kvj|

M«x®§Kv‡j ‡hLv‡b ZvcgvÎv evO‡e, kxZKv‡j wVK GKBfv‡e ZvcgvÎv gvivZ¥Kfv‡e Kg‡e| 2003 wL«÷v‡ãi ci 2011 wL«÷v‡ã c«Pyi ‰k¦Zc«ev‡ni Ke‡j c‡o evsjv‡`k| k«xg½‡j bw_fy³ Kiv nq 6.40 ‡mjwmqvm| cwi‡ek I Rjevqywe`‡`i g‡Z, Gmgq Abyf~Z ZvcgvÎv n‡qwQj Av‡iv Kg|

4. giæKiYt

w`‡b w`‡b e…wócvZ K‡g hv‡”Q, mgqgZ n‡”Q bv eb¨v| 2008 wL«÷v‡ã evsjv‡`‡ki Mo e…wócvZ wQj 2300 wgwjwgUvi, e‡i›`« GjvKvq Mo e…wócvZ n‡qwQj 1150 wgwjwgUvi| GiKg ¯^í e…wócvZ w`b w`b ‡e‡oB P‡j‡Q| Gi d‡j f~Mf©¯’ cvwbi ¯Íi ‡b‡g wM‡qLivq AvµvšÍn‡e wecyj msL¨K gvbyl, Gi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki DËiv‡ji ‡jvKB ‡ewk| GiKg Livq KZ gvbyl ¶wZM«¯’ n‡e, Zvi e¨vcv‡i wewfbœ Drm ‡_‡K Avjv`v Avjv`v DcvË cvIqv hvq| Kv‡iv g‡Z Rjevqy cwieZ©bRwbZ Kvi‡Y 2050 wL«÷vã bvMv` Livq DØv¯Íy n‡e c«vq 80j¶ gvbyl|

m¤ú~Y© Uvg© †ccviwU †c‡Z-01737731085