ক্ষমতায়নের বিকেন্দ্রীকরণের কোন প্রকারটি বাংলাদেশের ক্ষেত্রে প্রযোজ্য

ÒÿgZvq‡bi we‡K›`ªxKiY wK? we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi †Kvb cÖKviwU evsjv‡`‡ki †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨Ó

 f~wgKvt

          AvaywbK ivóª RbKj¨vYg~jK ivóª| cy‡e©i Zzjbvq iv‡óªi Kvh©vewj eZ©gv‡b e¨cK fv‡e e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q G wekvj we¯Í…Z eûg~Lx Kvh©vewj myôfv‡e h_v mg‡q m¤úv`b Kiv †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii cÖKvi c‡ÿ Am¤¢e| †m Rb¨ Kvh©vewji myô m¤úv`b I Dbœqb Kg©Kv‡Û RbM‡bi Ask MÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Yi †ÿ‡Î cÖkvmbxK †K›`ªxKiY Avek¨K| Av_©mvgvwRK ivR‰bwZK Z_v mvwe©K Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi weKí †bB ev ÿgZvq‡bi weKí †bB|

DrcwË:

        Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡Z gyjZ MZ kZvãxi ga¨fvM †_‡KB we‡K›`ªxKiY Z‡Ë¡i `ªæZ cÖkvi N‡U|

cÖ_gZ `vZv ms¯’v¸‡jv, wØZxqZ wek¦hy‡×i ci Z…Zxq we‡k¦i †`k¸‡jv‡ZI Zv‡`i mvnv‡h¨i nvZ †ewk †cÖmvi K‡i Ges kZ© wnmv‡e cÖkvmwbK we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi civgk© †`qv nq| hvi d‡j Gwkqv j¨vwUb, Av‡gwiKvi KwZcq †`‡k Zv cixÿvg~jK fv‡e cÖewZ©Z nq|

wØZxqZ: Dbœqbkxj ‡`k¸‡jv‡Z cÖkvm‡bi mv‡_ RbM‡Yi m¤úK© wQj cÖfz f~‡Zi gZ †K‡›`ªi wbqš¿Y wQj cÖej| ‡K›`ªxKiY DËg kvm‡bi AšÍivq myZivs RbM‡Yi Avkv AvKv•Lvi cÖwZdjb NUv‡bvi Rb¨ ÿgZvq‡bi we‡K›`ªxKiY Acwimxg|

ÿgZvq‡bi we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi msÁv:

                             mvaviY A‡_© ÿgZvi KvVv‡gvi wfZi KZ¸‡jv BDwbU ev e¨vw³ e‡M©i nv‡Z ÿgZv wef³ K‡i †`q| we‡K›`ªx miKv‡ii Dci `vwqZ¡ I KZ©„Z¡ nZvšÍi Kiv nq| e¨cK A_© RvZxq ch©vq n‡Z AvÂwjK ch©v‡q wm×všÍ MÖnY cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges wewfbœ RbKj¨vY g~jK Kv‡R Rbmvavi‡Yi KZ©„Z¡ ¯’vbvšÍiKiY|

cÖvgvb¨ msÁv-

wewfbœ `vk©wbK wewfbœ m„wó ‡Kvb †_‡K we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi msÁv cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb|

Diana conyers-Gi g‡Z, ÒDecentralization is the latest fashion of development.”

 Prof. Dewightwaldo-Gi g‡Z,  

                                       Decentralization denotes a tendency where administration and resposibility are delegate from the central authority to regional and local units to suit the particular local conditions.”

ÒA_©vr ÿgZvq‡b we‡K›`ªxKiY Ggb GK cÖeYZv wb‡`©k K‡i †hLv‡b cÖkvmwbK  `vwqZ¡ †K›`ªxq KZ…cK& n‡Z AvÂwjK I &¯’vbxq ms¯’vmg~‡n wbw`©ó ¯’vbxq Ae¯’vi mv‡_ Lvc LvIqv†bvi D‡Ïk¨ n¯ÍvšÍi Kiv nq|Ó

Henry Fayol  e‡j‡Qb, Ò Aaxb¯’ Kg©Pvwi‡`i `vwqZ¡ I KZ©‡e¨i ¸iæZ¡ e„w× KivB we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi D‡Ïk¨|

LD White- Gi g‡Z.Ò we‡K›`ªxKiY ej‡Z †evSvq AvBb wePvi wefvMxq Ges cÖkvmwbK KZ©…Z¡ miKv‡ii D”P ch©vq n‡Z wbgœ ch©v‡q ¯’vbvšÍi|Ó

AZGe Ae‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Kv‡Ri m¤úªmviY I Kv‡Ri Pvc© jvNe Kivi Rb¨ ÿgZv‡K AvÂwjK I ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q e›Ub K‡i †`qv‡K †eK›`ªxKiY e‡j| cÖkvmbxK we‡K›`ªxKiY bxwZ eZ©gv‡b GKwU Zvrch©c~Y cÖZ¨q|

we‡K&`ªxKi‡Yi †KŠkjt

                         ÿgZvq‡bi we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi KZ¸‡jv †KŠkj i‡q‡Q gvbwPÎ Av‡jvPbv Kiv nq:

†K›`ªxKi‡Y †KŠkj i‡q‡Q hv wb‡P Av‡jvPbv Kiv nj:

†K›`ªxqKiY †KŠkj ev c×wZ Av‡jvPbvi Av‡M GKUv welq ¯úó K‡i †bqv `iKvi| cÖavb Kvh©vjq †_‡K †`‡ki cÖkvmwbK ‰ewPÎ _vK‡e bv Ggb Uv bq| ÿgZvi we‡K›`ªxKiY m‡Ë¡I we‡K›`ªxKiY †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i Ges wewfbœ w`‡ki cÖkvmb e¨e¯’vi w`‡K `„wó cvZ Ki‡j Avgiv Gi

we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi †Kvb welqwU evsjv‡`‡ki †ÿ‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨:

                                                          evsjv‡`‡ki m`¨ ¯^vaxbZv Z…Zxq we‡k¦i GKwU Dbœqbkxj‡`k| †`‡ki mvgMÖxK Dbœqb hyó cÖkvmb e¨e¯’vi Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Q| cÖkvmwbK we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq miKvi Ges ¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ ms¯’v M‡o †Zvjvi gva¨‡g RvZxq Dbœqb‡K Zivwš^Z Kiv m¤¢e|

1.     Mawhood GKgvÎ ÿgZv Ac©Y †KB cÖK…Z we‡K›`ªxKiY e‡j AewnZ K‡i‡Qb

‡Kbbv-

·        Devolution is democratized.

·        Devolution is debureaucralized.

·        Devolution is Collective good people.

·        Devolution is people’s participating.

wZwb Av‡iv ‡`‡L‡Qb †h ÿgZv Ac©Y G wb‡gœv³ welq¸‡jv _v‡K:-

• wbR¯^ ev‡RU:

                      GKRb Kg©Pvix KZ©„Z¡ A_©e¨‡qi wnmveI e¨vsK wnmve msiÿY|

• c„_K AvBbMZ mËvt

                      GwU ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ cÖwZôvb hvi wePvi Kivi Ges wePvi cÖv_©bv Kivi ÿgZv _v‡K &A_©vr c„_K AvBbMZ mË¡v i‡q‡Q|

• ¯’vbxq m¤ú` e›U‡bi KZ©„Z¡ _v‡K| Kg©Pvixi Dci c„_K KZ©„Z¡ Avq e¨‡qi Dci wbqš¿Y _v‡K|

• GLv‡b Kv‡Ri wbw`©ó gvÎv _v‡K|        

2.     Uphoff we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi me©K…ó aiY wn‡m‡e Devolution ev ÿgZv Ac‡Y©i cQ›` K‡i‡Qb| wZwb G‡ÿ‡Î Av‡iv wZbwU aiY D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| ÿgZv Ac©Y

• ga¨¯’ZvKvix n‡”Q †hme cÖwZôvb ¯’vbxq miKvi KZ©„K cwiPvwjZ Ges †K‡›`ªi Aax‡b bq|

•  †mev msMVb ej‡Z miKv†ii †emiKvix ms¯’v¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq †hgb, NGO.

• evRvi msMVb n‡”Q miKv‡ii A_©‰bwZK Kvg©Kv‡Ûi GKwU Ask hv †emiKvwi ms¯’¸‡jvi gva¨‡g cwiPvwjZ nq|

myZivs †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, G cÖKv‡ii gva¨‡g RbM‡Yi Kj¨vY I AskMÖnY wbwðZ nq|

3.     Smith e‡jb, we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi m‡e©vK…ó aiY nj Devolution Zv miKv‡ii cÖkvwbK Rb‡mevg~jK Ges A_©‰bwZK Kvh©vewj h_vµ‡g Intermediaton philanthropisation Ges  Marketisation Gi gva¨‡g ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q m¤úv`b K‡i _v‡K|

4.     Hyden djcÖm~ we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi `ywU k‡Z©i K_v e‡j‡Qb| h_v: 1) `ÿZv e„w× I 2) MYZš¿vqb ev ¯’vbxq ¯^vqË¡ kvwmZ miKv‡ii Rb¨ c~e© kZ©| wZwb e‡jb miKvwi Kg©KvÛ KZ…‡Z¡i wejywß KiY ev `vwq‡Z¡i cÖwZwbw`Z¡g~jK we‡K›`ªxKiY †KvbwUB djcÖm~ bq|Avgv‡`i †`‡k Øv`k ms‡kvabxi gva¨‡g ms‡kvaxq miKvie¨e¯’v cÖwZwóZ n‡q‡Q| Zv‡K Kvh©Kix Ki‡Z ÿgZv Ac©Y, cÖwµqvi weKí †bB| DcwiD³ welq QvovI †h welq ¸‡jv cÖwZdwjZn‡q‡Q Zv nj:

•  ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q mgm¨v wPwýZ KiY I mgvavb|

• cÖkvm‡b I miKvwi Kv‡Ri ¯^”PZv I Reve w`wnZv Av‡Pb|

• Ae‡nwjZ A‡j DbœqbZ¡ivwš^ K‡i |

• RvZxq msnwZ I mgš^q e…w× cvq|

• RbMY I miKv‡ii cvi¯úvwiK m¤úK© e„w×|

• ¯’vbxq ¯ú‡`i myôz e¨envi|

• Z…Yg~j ch©v‡qi Rb¨ mvavi‡Yi m‡PZbZv|

•  Avgjv‡`i `ÿZv n«vm cvq|

Dch©y³ Av‡jvPbvq jÿYxq †h ÿgZv Ac©Y cÖwµqvwU ïay ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii bq eis ¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ miKv‡ii Dci cÖwZwôZ| `xN©w`b a‡i evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K ¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvmxZ miKv‡ii Dci cÖwZwôZ| `xN©w`b a‡i evsjv‡`‡k ¯’vbxq miKvi‡K ¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvmxZ miKv‡ii iæcvšÍ‡ii cÖqvm Pj‡Q| wKš‘ wewfbœ Kvi‡Y¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡ kvwmZ miKv‡ii mwVK iæc †`qv hvq wb| mzZivs G‡ÿ‡Î cÖkvmwbK we‡K›`ªxqKi‡bi ÿgZv Ac©Y aviYwU‡K Kv‡R jvwM‡q Z…Zxq we‡k¦i Ab¨vb¨ †`‡ki gZ evsjv‡`‡kI Kvh©Kvwi ¯’vbxq ¯^vqZ¡kvwmZ miKv‡ii e¨e¯’v M‡o †Zvjv m¤¢e| G D‡Ï‡k¨ evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii me©‡kl cÖ‡Póv jÿ Kiv hvq CLG. Act  †hLv‡b ÿgZv Ac©Y cÖwµqvq Pvi¯Íi wewkó ¯’vbxq miKvi M‡o †Zvjvi K_v ‡hgb-

•  ‡Rjv cwil`

•  Dc‡Rjv cwil`

• BDwbqb cwil`

• MÖvg¨ cwil`

wKš‘ ev¯Í‡e Zv GLbI cy‡ivcyi Kvh©Ki nq wb|

mZ¨Zvi cÖgvY cve|

1.     civgk© `vb I cÖ‡qvRbxq msev` mieivnt

                                             AwaKvsk iv‡óª †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii wbqš¿‡Y wewfbœ M‡elYvg~jK cÖwZôvb I ˆeÁvwbK ms¯’v _v‡K Ges Zviv bvbv wel‡q M‡elYv K‡i| Zv‡`i Øviv mieivn K„Z Z_¨ †Kej †K›`ªxq KZ„cÿ e¨envi Kivi AwaKvi iv‡L| AvÂwjK miKvi  ev cÖkvmb†bi wefvM¸‡jvi cÖ‡qvR‡b ‡K›`ªxq KZ©c‡ÿi KvQ †_‡KB cÖvmw½Z Z_¨vw` msMÖn Ki‡Z cv‡i|

2.     †K›`ªxq KZ©„c‡ÿi wbKU cÖwZ‡e`b †cÖiY:

                                           ¯’vbxq KZ„cÿ AvÂwjK KvRKg© ¯^vaxbfv‡e Ki‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ ¯’vbxq KZ„cÿ‡K wbqwgZ cÖwZ‡e`b cvVv‡Z nq e‡j GB ¯^vaxbZv cy‡ivcywi †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡ibv| Ges GRb¨ †K›`ªxqKi‡Y jÿYxq|

3.     †K›`ªxq ch©v‡jvPbv :

                     AvÂwjK miKvi †hfv‡eB cÖkvmb cwiPvjbv KiæK bv _v‡K Zv P~ovšÍ wn‡m‡e M„wnZ nq bv|  Pzov&Z wm×v‡šÍi R‡b¨ Zv †K‡›`ª †cÖiY Ki‡Z nq †K‡›`ªi AwaKvi _vK‡e Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Ki‡e Ges G e¨vcv‡i †K‡›`ªi gZvgZ ¯’vbxq miKv‡ii wbKU MÖnY Kiv AZ¨vek¨K|

4.     mvnh¨ I gyÄixt

                  cÖkvmwbK Kvh©vewj myôfv‡e m¤úv`‡bi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq cÖkvmwb ms¯’v AvÂwjK cÖkvmwbK ms¯’v‡K mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K| mvaviYZ †K›`ªxq mvnvh¨ ms¯’v mvnvh¨ †`qvi wewfbœ iKg kZ©vewj Aviæc K‡i| kZ©vbyhvqx Kvh©vewj m¤úv`b n‡”Q wKbv Zv ch©v‡jvPbv Kivi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq ms¯’v wewfbœ †KŠkj Aej¤^‡bi gva¨‡g Z`viwK K‡i _v‡Kb| A‡bK mgq wb‡`©k †gvZv‡eK KvR m¤úv`b bv n‡j mvnvh¨ eÜ K‡i †`qv nq|]

5.     cÖkvmwbK c×wZi g‡bvbœqbKiY :

†K›`ªxq miKvi mvgwMÖK cÖkvmb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ c×wZi Avkªq †bq| Kg©Pvix wb‡qvM A_© msµvšÍ cÖkvm‡bi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e wbqgvewj  cÖYxZ nq Gme ¸iæZ¡ c~Y© wefv‡Mi Dci GKK wbqš¿Y Ges KZ„‡Z¡i gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq miKvi mgMÖ cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vi Dci cÖfve NUvq|

6.     c~e© Aby‡gv`bt ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q †Kvb cÖKí I cÖ¯Íve ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ‡K›`ªxq ms¯’vi wbKU Aby‡gv`‡bi wbwg‡Ë †cÖiY Ki‡Z nq| †Kbbv A‡bK mgq D³ cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi Rb¨ ms¯’v KZ©„K Avw_©K mvnvh¨ `v‡bi cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv ‡`q| †Kvb †Kvb mgq ¯’vbxq ms¯’vi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Avw_©K mn‡hvwMZvi cÖ‡qvRb bv n‡jI cÖK‡íi ˆeaZvi Rb¨ †K›`ªxq ms¯’vi c~e© AbygwZ cÖ‡qvRb c‡o|

7.     wb‡qvM I AcmviYt hy³ ivóªxq miKv‡ii cyb we‡K›`ªxKi‡bi e¨e¯’vq ¯’vbxq ms¯’vi wb‡qvM I Acmvi‡Yi †ÿ‡Î †K‡›`ªi ÿgZv bv _vK‡jI evsjv‡`‡ki gZ miKvwi e¨e¯’vq miKvwi LA‡Zi AwaKvsk Kg©KZ©v Kg©vPvwi evsjv‡`k miKvwi Kwgkb KZ…©K wb‡qvM cÖvß nb|

8.     Av‡`k Rvwi t cÖkvmb cwiPvjbvq †K›`ªxq miKvi wewfbœ mg‡q bvbvwea Av‡`k Rvwi K‡i| †K›`ª KZ…K Gme RvwiK…Z Av‡`k Gme Av‡`k ¯’vbxq ms¯’vi Rb¨ gvbv eva¨Zvg~jK| Gfv‡e †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Dci wbqš¿Y cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g †K›`ªxq Ges ¯’vbxq ms¯’vi Kvh©vewji g‡a¨ mgš^q NUvq|

9.     cwi`k©b t †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii Aax‡b cwi`k©b kvLvi Kvh©µg cwiPvwjZ nq| GkvLvi Kg©KZ©v MY gv‡S g‡a¨ cÖkvmwbK msMVb cwi`k©b K‡i _v‡Kb| GB cwi`k©b `yB cÖKvi

K) ¯^-cÖ‡Yvw`Z

L) Z`šÍg~jK

          Z`šÍg~jK cwi`k©b mvaviYZ †Kvb Awf‡hvM hvPvB Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwiPvwjZ nq|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, ¯’vbxq ms¯’v gyjZ ‡K›`ªxq ms¯’viB GKw Ask gvÎ| wbqš¿Ynxb ¯’vbxq ms¯’vi gva¨‡g †K›`ª KZ…K cwiKwíZ D‡Ïk¨ ev¯Ívevqb ‡Kvb g‡ZB m¤¢e b&q|

 we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi ˆewkô¨t

                             wb‡gœ we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi ˆewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiv njt

1.     RbM‡Yi AskMÖnYt we‡K›`ªxKiY e¨e¯’vq RbM‡Yi AskMÖnY wbwðZ Kiv nq| GQvovI RbMZ hv‡Z cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e msMV‡bi Kvh©µg‡K cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z cv‡i Zvi e¨e¯’v Kiv |

2.     wbqš¿Y mgm¨vt iv‡óªi Kv‡Ri e¨cKZvi d‡j eZ©gv‡b †K›`ª ch©vq ‡_‡K RbM‡Yi †mev cÖ`vb Kiv `~in | †K›`ªxq cÖkvmwbK Kg©KZv©‡`i c‡ÿ `~i `yiv‡šÍ Kg©iZ Aa¯Íb Kg©Pvwi‡`i Z`viK ev wbqš¿Y KwVb|

3.     mgš^q mvabt AvÂwjK ms¯’vmg~‡ni Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ mgš^q mvab AvÂwjK †ÿ‡ÎB Kiv nq|

4.     †bZ…‡Z¡i weKvk t ¯’vbxq ms¯’v¸‡jvi weKv‡ki mv‡_ mv‡_ G ¸‡jvi ¯^wbf©i nIqvI wewfbœ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ D‡ÏvM MÖnY Kivi cwi‡ek m„wó nq| d‡j ¯’vbxq ch©v‡q myôz I `vwqZ¡kxj ‡bZ…‡Z¡i weKvk N‡U|

5.     ¯’vbxqfv‡e wm×všÍ t AwaKvsk wm×všÍB ¯’vbxq I AvÂwjK ch©v‡q †bqv n‡q _v‡K|

6.     cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vi wefvRbt we‡K›`ªxKiY cÖwµqvq RvZxqKiY K…Z cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v‡K cÖZ¨šÍ‡i msMVb wbKU wefvRb K‡i Ac©b Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

7.     KZ…Z¡ ¯’vcbt A‡bK ¸iæZ¡c~Y© wel‡q ¯’vbxq ms¯’v‡K `vwq‡Z¡i mv‡_ m½wZc~Y© wm×všÍ †bqvi KZ…Z¡ Ac©Y Kiv nq|

we‡K›`ªxKi‡Yi cÖKvi‡f`t

                             eZ©gvb cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’vq Pvi ai‡bi we‡K›`ªxKiY e¨e¯’vjÿ¨ Kiv hvq| h_v-

1.     wecywÄf~Z Kibt

2.     ¯’vqxÿgZv Ac©b

3.     cÖwZwbwaZ¡g~jK

4.     †emiKvwi KiY

wb‡gœ G¸‡jvi eY©bv †`qv njt

1.           wecywÄf~Z Kibt wecywÄf~ZKiY ej‡Z †K›`ªxq miKv‡ii AvqZvax‡b ÿgZv I `vwqZ¡ e›Ub Kiv‡K †evSvq| Maddion e‡jb, we‡kl Kvh© cwiPvjbvi wbwg‡Ë †K‡›`ªi evB‡i KZ…Z¡ Ac©YKiv‡K wecywÄf~Z KiY ejv nq|Ó evsjv‡`‡ki †K›`ªxq cÖkvm‡bi gvV ch©v‡qi we‡K›`ªxKiY‡K Deconcentration Gi AvqZvf~³ Kiv nq| †hgb: _vbv K…wl, m¤úªmviY Kvh©vjq| K…wl gš¿Yvj‡qi GKwU Deconcentration ev wecywÄf~ZKiY cÖwZôvb| G‡RÝx¸‡jv ïay ‡K‡›`ªi bxwZ ev¯Íevqb K‡i| gvÎ bxwZ cÖYqb Kivi ÿgZv Zv‡`i †bB| Feslar Zvi Contralization and Deconcentration MÖ‡š’ Deconcentration †K we‡K›`ªxKiY wn‡m‡e AvÿvwqZ K‡i‡Qb|

G wn‡m‡e,

RvZxq msm`- wefvM- †Rjv- Dc‡Rjv

m¤ú~Y© Uvg© †ccviwU †c‡Z-01737731085